{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:34:08Z","timestamp":1789608848210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Internal grant agency of the Faculty of Engineering","award":["2022:31140\/1312\/3105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022:31140\/1312\/3105"]}]},{"name":"Internal grant agency of the Faculty of Engineering","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/18_069\/0010045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/18_069\/0010045"]}]},{"name":"OP VVV Project","award":["2022:31140\/1312\/3105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022:31140\/1312\/3105"]}]},{"name":"OP VVV Project","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/18_069\/0010045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/18_069\/0010045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the fatigue behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) material with bamboo filler printed by 3D additive printing using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology at different infill densities and print nozzle diameters is investigated. The mechanical test results are supported by the findings from SEM image analysis. The fatigue behavior was tested at four consecutive 250 cycles at loads ranging from 5 to 20, 30, 40, and 50% based on the limits found in the static tensile test. The results of the static tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests confirmed significant effects of infill density of 60%, 80%, and 100% on the tensile strength of the tested specimens. In particular, the research results show a significant effect of infill density on the fatigue properties of the tested materials. The influence of cyclic tests resulted in the strengthening of the tested material, and at the same time, its viscoelastic behavior was manifested. SEM analysis of the fracture surface confirmed a good interaction between the PLA matrix and the bamboo-based filler using nozzle diameters of 0.4 and 0.6 mm and infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. Low-cycle testing showed no reductions in the mechanical properties and fatigue lives of the 3D printed samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14224930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1668566028000},"page":"4930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of Infill Density in FDM 3D Printing on Low-Cycle Stress of Bamboo-Filled PLA-Based Material"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3460-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Jirk\u016f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"\u0160leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5849-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Hromasov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Novotn\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, Pasteurova 3334\/7, 400 01 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller, M., Sleger, V., Kolar, V., Hromasova, M., Pis, D., and Mishra, R.K. (2022). Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14071301"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1002\/app.32076","article-title":"Waste Pine Cones as a Source of Reinforcing Fillers for Thermoplastic Composites","volume":"117","author":"Ayrilmis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. 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