{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T15:57:06Z","timestamp":1793807826313,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the effect of different mixing techniques on thermal and mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene nanofibers (GANFs) loaded epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. Three dispersion methods were employed: a high shear rate (HSR), ultrasonication (US) and the fluidized bed method (FBM). The optical microscopy has revealed that the most suitable dispersion, in terms of homogeneity and cluster size, is achieved by implementing the US and FBM techniques, leading to nanocomposites with the largest increase of glass transition temperature, as supported by the DMA analysis data. The fracture toughness results show a general increase of both the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and the critical strain energy release rate (GIC), likely due to the homogeneity and the low scale dispersion of the carbonaceous nanostructures. Based on the nanocomposite fracture toughness improvements and also assuming a potential large scale up production of the nanocomposite matrix, a single mixing technique, namely the FBM, was employed to manufacture the carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC). This method has resulted in being less time-consuming and is potentially most suitable for the high volume industrial production. The CFRCs were characterized in terms of tensile, flexural and interlaminar fracture toughness properties and the results were analyzed and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14235105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T03:24:09Z","timestamp":1669260249000},"page":"5105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of the Mixing Technique of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Graphene Nanofibers on Fracture Toughness of Epoxy Based Nanocomposites and Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3369-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldobenedetto","family":"Zotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Zuppolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2214-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Borriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Vinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avio S.p.A., Via Leonida Bissolati, 76, 00187 Roma, RM, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Trinchillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avio S.p.A., Via Leonida Bissolati, 76, 00187 Roma, RM, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sophia High Tech srl, Via Romani, 228, 80048 Sant\u2019Anastasia, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Caraviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sophia High Tech srl, Via Romani, 228, 80048 Sant\u2019Anastasia, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Zarrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.105696","article-title":"Simultaneously improving mode I and mode II fracture toughness of the carbon fiber\/epoxy composite laminates via interleaved with uniformly aligned PES fiber webs","volume":"129","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. 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