{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:48:13Z","timestamp":1792806493287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Salman Center For Disability Research","award":["KSRG-2022-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSRG-2022-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ht2b307","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial implants are very essential for the disabled as they are utilized for bone and joint function in orthopedics. However, materials used in such implants suffer from restricted mechanical and tribological properties besides the difficulty of using such materials with complex structures. The current study works on developing a new polymer green composite that can be used for artificial implants and allow design flexibility through its usage with 3D printing technology. Therefore, a natural filler extracted from corn cob (CC) was prepared, mixed homogeneously with the Polylactic-acid (PLA), and passed through a complete process to produce a green composite filament suit 3D printer. The corn cob particles were incorporated with PLA with different weight fractions zero, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the PLA-CC composites were evaluated. 3D finite element models were constructed to evaluate the PLA-CC composites performance on a real condition implant, hip joints, and through the frictional process. Incorporating corn cob inside PLA revealed an enhancement in the hardness (10%), stiffness (6%), compression ultimate strength (12%), and wear resistance (150%) of the proposed PLA-CC composite. The finite element results of both models proved an enhancement in the load-carrying capacity of the composite. The finite element results came in line with the experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14235299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1670218292000},"page":"5299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Evaluating the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic-Acid (PLA) Green-Composite for Artificial Implant: Hip Joint Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-0392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Fouly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Assaifan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alnaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7260-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atia, M.G., and Salah, O. (2018, January 12\u201315). 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