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However, efficient PHB production remains difficult. The main cost of PHB production is attributed to carbon sources; hence, finding inexpensive sources is important. Galactose is a possible substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoate production as it is abundant in marine environments. Marine bacteria that produce PHB from galactose could be an effective resource that can be used for efficient PHB production. In this study, to identify a galactose utilizing PHB producer, we examined 16 Halomonas strains. We demonstrated that Halomonas\u00a0cerina (Halomonas sp. YK44) has the highest growth and PHB production using a culture media containing 2% galactose, final 4% NaCl, and 0.1% yeast extract. These culture conditions yielded 8.98 g\/L PHB (78.1% PHB content (w\/w)). When galactose-containing red algae (Eucheuma spinosum) hydrolysates were used as a carbon source, 5.2 g\/L PHB was produced with 1.425% galactose after treatment with activated carbon. Since high salt conditions can be used to avoid sterilization, we examined whether Halomonas sp. YK44 could produce PHB in non-sterilized conditions. Culture media in these conditions yielded 72.41% PHB content. Thus, Halomonas sp. YK44 is robust against contamination, allowing for long-term culture and economical PHB production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14245407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T04:05:22Z","timestamp":1670817922000},"page":"5407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Finding of Novel Galactose Utilizing Halomonas sp. YK44 for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hee Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7688-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashi Kant","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0086-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongbok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-2271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Min","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Jun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Hun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0205","article-title":"Accumulation and Fragmentation of Plastic Debris in Global Environments","volume":"364","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. 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