{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:19:21Z","timestamp":1782929961701,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC21C0284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC21C0284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An atomic-oxygen-erosion-resistant fluorinated benzoxazine resin and composite were developed. The benzoxazine resin, abbreviated as \u201cBAF-oda-fu,\u201d consists of four benzoxazine rings, and was synthesized from bisphenol AF (BAF), 4,4\u2032-oxydianiline (oda), furfurylamine (fu), and paraformaldehyde. The resin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An analysis of the solvent-washed product showed a technical grade purity (&gt;95%) and a yield of approximately 85%. Subsequent polymerization of the resin was successfully performed by heating step-wise and opening the benzoxazine rings to form a crosslinked network. Thermal analyses showed a melting temperature of 115 \u00b0C and polymerization temperature of 238 \u00b0C, both being characteristic values of benzoxazine monomers. The benzoxazine resin was also blended with polyoctahedral sisesquoxane (POSS) and reinforced with alumina fibers. The Tg of the resin, as determined by DMA of the composite, could reach as high as 308 \u00b0C when post-curing and the POSS additive were utilized. The low-Earth orbit atomic-oxygen erosion rate was simulated by an RF plasma asher\/etcher. The atomic-oxygen resistance of poly(BAF-oda-fu) fell along an established trend line based on its fluorine content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:28:24Z","timestamp":1672205304000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Development of an Atomic-Oxygen-Erosion-Resistant, Alumina-Fiber-Reinforced, Fluorinated Polybenzoxazine Composite for Low-Earth Orbital Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Oppenheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malavika","family":"Ramkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Tehsil Dadri 201314, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irlaine","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Answers LLC, 66 Buckskin Drive, Weston, MA 02493, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Winroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Answers LLC, 66 Buckskin Drive, Weston, MA 02493, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2590-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatsuo","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2007.07.002","article-title":"Polybenzoxazines-New high performance thermosetting resins: Synthesis and properties","volume":"32","author":"Ghosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. 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