{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:42:21Z","timestamp":1788914541777,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}]},{"name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}]},{"name":"MRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}]},{"name":"NIHR UCLH BRC-UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support (TAS) Fund","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award-UCL Regenerative Medicine TIN Pilot Dara Fund","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["52003057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52003057"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0145"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["564022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564022"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["564021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564021"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["569576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569576"]}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via DTP CASE Programme","award":["EP\/T517793\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T517793\/"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of bacteria-induced infections threatens the lives of many patients. Meanwhile, the misuse of antibiotics has led to a significant increase in bacterial resistance. There are two main ways to alleviate the issue: one is to introduce antimicrobial agents to medical devices to get local drug releasing and alleviating systemic toxicity and resistance, and the other is to develop new antimicrobial methods to kill bacteria. New antimicrobial methods include cationic polymers, metal ions, hydrophobic structures to prevent bacterial adhesion, photothermal sterilization, new biocides, etc. Biodegradable biocompatible synthetic polymers have been widely used in the medical field. They are often used in tissue engineering scaffolds as well as wound dressings, where bacterial infections in these medical devices can be serious or even fatal. However, such materials usually do not have inherent antimicrobial properties. They can be used as carriers for drug delivery or compounded with other antimicrobial materials to achieve antimicrobial effects. This review focuses on the antimicrobial behavior, preparation methods, and biocompatibility testing of biodegradable biocompatible synthetic polymers. Degradable biocompatible natural polymers with antimicrobial properties are also briefly described. Finally, the medical applications of these polymeric materials are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:28:24Z","timestamp":1672205304000},"page":"120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fabrication of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Functional Polymers for Anti-Infection and Augmenting Wound Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anfu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jindi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yameng","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swastina Nath","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9854-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaozong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104843","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104843","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive antibacterial materials: Molecular structures, design principles, and biomedical applications","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.12.016","article-title":"A bio-based pro-antimicrobial polymer network via degradable acetal linkages","volume":"67","author":"Amato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4161\/biom.22905","article-title":"Infection of orthopedic implants with emphasis on bacterial adhesion process and techniques used in studying bacterial-material interactions","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomatter"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1039\/b515219b","article-title":"Reducing implant-related infections: Active release strategies","volume":"35","author":"Hetrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S130857","article-title":"A green single-step procedure to synthesize Ag-containing nanocomposite coatings with low cytotoxicity and efficient antibacterial properties","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576969","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.576969","article-title":"Nano-modified titanium implant materials: A way toward improved antibacterial properties","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035415","article-title":"Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants","volume":"350","author":"Darouiche","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.08.006","article-title":"Antibacterial and conductive injectable hydrogels based on quaternized chitosan-graft-polyaniline\/oxidized dextran for tissue engineering","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176667","article-title":"Antibiotics for emerging pathogens","volume":"325","author":"Fischbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milazzo, M., Gallone, G., Marcello, E., Mariniello, M.D., Bruschini, L., Roy, I., and Danti, S. (2020). Biodegradable polymeric micro\/nano-structures with intrinsic antifouling\/antimicrobial properties: Relevance in damaged skin and other biomedical applications. J. Func. Biomater., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb11030060"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-019-02681-w","article-title":"Cellulose acetate nanoneedle array covered with phosphorylcholine moiety as a biocompatible and sustainable antifouling material","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00910","article-title":"The Mechanisms and the applications of antibacterial polymers in surface modification on medical devices","volume":"8","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900999","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900999","article-title":"Biodegradable antibacterial polymeric nanosystems: A new hope to cope with multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuervo-Rodr\u00edguez, R., L\u00f3pez-Fabal, F., Mu\u00f1oz-Bonilla, A., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, M. (2021). Antibacterial polymers based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and thiazolium groups with hydrolytically labile linkages leading to inactive and low cytotoxic compounds. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14237477"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201100466","article-title":"Functionalized synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.004","article-title":"Biodegradable synthetic polymers: Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application","volume":"37","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/21691401.2016.1146731","article-title":"Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering application: A review","volume":"45","author":"Asghari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.02.084","article-title":"Castor oil-based cationic waterborne polyurethane dispersions: Storage stability, thermo-physical properties and antibacterial properties","volume":"117","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127774","article-title":"UV absorption, anticorrosion, and long-term antibacterial performance of vegetable oil based cationic waterborne polyurethanes enabled by amino acids","volume":"421","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0105-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a cationic polymer in aqueous solution with a convenient electrochemical method","volume":"409","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1039\/D1PY01504D","article-title":"Nonionic nontoxic antimicrobial polymers: Indole-grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) with pendant alkyl or ether groups","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042128","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1042128","article-title":"Current Research Progress of Local Drug Delivery Systems Based on Biodegradable Polymers in Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.04.099","article-title":"Scaffold composed of porous vancomycin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: A controlled-release drug delivery system with shape-memory effect","volume":"78","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dwivedi, C., Pandey, H., Pandey, A.C., Patil, S., Ramteke, P.W., Laux, P., Luch, A., and Singh, A.V. (2019). In vivo biocompatibility of electrospun biodegradable dual carrier (antibiotic + growth factor) in a mouse model\u2014Implications for rapid wound healing. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11040180"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.007","article-title":"Short- versus long-course antibiotics in osteomyelitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"157","article-title":"Studies on the cytocompatibility, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of 3D printed poly(methyl methacrylate) beads","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802140","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802140","article-title":"Versatile antibacterial materials: An emerging arsenal for combatting bacterial pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125609","article-title":"Lotus-leaf-inspired hierarchical structured surface with non-fouling and mechanical bactericidal performances","volume":"398","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128685","article-title":"Bioinspired nanopillar surface for switchable mechano-bactericidal and releasing actions","volume":"432","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA00482H","article-title":"Zinc-coordinated polydopamine surface with a nanostructure and superhydrophilicity for antibiofouling and antibacterial Applications","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fajstavr, D., Fr\u00fddlov\u00e1, B., Rimpelov\u00e1, S., Kas\u00e1lkov\u00e1, N.S., Sajdl, P., \u0160vor\u010d\u00edk, V., and Slepi\u010dka, P. (2022). KrF laser and plasma exposure of pdms\u2013carbon composite and its antibacterial properties. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15030839"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.06.049","article-title":"Self-template synthesis of mesoporous vanadium oxide nanospheres with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and high antibacterial performance","volume":"625","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2206646","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206646","article-title":"Guanidinium-decorated nanostructure for precision sonodynamic-catalytic therapy of mrsa-infected osteomyelitis","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15449","article-title":"Membrane vesicles from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transfer antibiotic-resistance to antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077192","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems","volume":"57","author":"Ferri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56205","article-title":"Drug repurposing for next-generation combination therapies against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.12.049","article-title":"Superhydrophobic PVDF and PVDF-HFP nanofibrous mats with antibacterial and anti-biofouling properties","volume":"363","author":"Spasova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2020.126507","article-title":"Improved surface properties in spray-coated PU\/TiO2\/Graphene hybrid nanocomposites through nonsolvent-induced phase separation","volume":"405","author":"Mirzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.10.039","article-title":"In vitro study of three-dimensional printed metal-polymer hybrid scaffold incorporated dual antibiotics for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"212","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra01297a","article-title":"Antimicrobial macromolecules: Synthesis methods and future applications","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10601325.2012.642208","article-title":"Biocompatible and antibacterial nanofibrous poly (\u03f5-caprolactone)-nanosilver composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications","volume":"49","author":"Sumitha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.04.025","article-title":"Bionanocomposites from electrospun PVA\/pineapple nanofibers\/stryphnodendron adstringens bark extract for medical applications","volume":"41","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.15171\/bi.2017.07","article-title":"Perspective highlights on biodegradable polymeric nanosystems for targeted therapy of solid tumors","volume":"7","author":"Fathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/app.21116","article-title":"In vitro degradation behavior of electrospun polyglycolide, polylactide, and poly (lactide-co-glycolide)","volume":"95","author":"You","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.01.022","article-title":"Controllable degradation rates, antibacterial, free-standing and highly transparent films based on polylactic acid and chitosan","volume":"541","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Belgacem, M.N., and Gandini, A. (2008). Chapter 21\u2014Polylactic Acid: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160krlov\u00e1, K., Malachov\u00e1, K., Mu\u00f1oz-Bonilla, A., M\u011b\u0159insk\u00e1, D., Rybkov\u00e1, Z., Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, M., and Plach\u00e1, D. (2019). Biocompatible polymer materials with antimicrobial properties for preparation of stents. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9111548"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.01.100","article-title":"Polybiguanide (PHMB) loaded in PLA scaffolds displaying high hydrophobic, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties","volume":"50","author":"Llorens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000248","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000248","article-title":"S-nitrosoglutathione-based nitric oxide-releasing nanofibers exhibit dual antimicrobial and antithrombotic activity for biomedical applications","volume":"21","author":"Douglass","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.24899","article-title":"Bioresorbable antibacterial PCL-PLA-nHA composite membranes for oral and maxillofacial defects","volume":"40","author":"Sharif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Compos."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2013.10.016","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of PLA\/PCL composite fibers containing beta tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) particles","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2010.09.007","article-title":"Physicochemical characterisation of degrading polycaprolactone scaffolds","volume":"95","author":"Bosworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stabil."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-021-00176-1","article-title":"Multi-antibacterial agent-based electrospun polycaprolactone for active wound dressing","volume":"11","author":"Safdari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.37190\/ABB-01766-2020-03","article-title":"Analysis of the antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone modified with graphene, bioglass and zinc-doped bioglass","volume":"23","author":"Hajduga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2022.2045665","article-title":"Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and biodegradability studies of polycaprolactone nanofibers holding green synthesized Ag nanoparticles using Atropa Belladonna extract","volume":"33","author":"Avci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.08.009","article-title":"Controlled degradability of PCL-ZnO nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and their antibacterial activity","volume":"93","author":"Felice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2017.59","article-title":"Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.04.092","article-title":"A graphene oxide-Ag co-dispersing nanosystem: Dual synergistic effects on antibacterial activities and mechanical properties of polymer scaffolds","volume":"347","author":"Shuai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2019.1581194","article-title":"A polymer scaffold with drug-sustained release and antibacterial activity","volume":"69","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomat."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.07.025","article-title":"Biomimetic biodegradable Ag@Au nanoparticle-embedded ureteral stent with a constantly renewable contact-killing antimicrobial surface and antibiofilm and extraction-free properties","volume":"114","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.11.026","article-title":"Fabrication of functional PLGA-based electrospun scaffolds and their applications in biomedical engineering","volume":"59","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10318","article-title":"Fabrication and surface modification of macroporous poly(L-Lactic Acid) and poly(L-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (70\/30) cell scaffolds for human skin fibroblast cell culture","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0343040","article-title":"Controllable surface modification of poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) by hydrolysis or aminolysis I: Physical, chemical, and theoretical aspects","volume":"5","author":"Croll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2022.107584","article-title":"Bone-targeted polymeric nanoparticles as alendronate carriers for potential osteoporosis treatment","volume":"110","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12751","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b01639","article-title":"Antimicrobial electrospun biopolymer nanofiber mats functionalized with graphene oxide\u2013silver nanocomposites","volume":"7","author":"Perreault","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzazy, H.M.E.-S., Fahmy, S.A., Mahdy, N.K., Meselhy, M.R., and Bakowsky, U. (2021). Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with peganum harmala alkaloids with promising antibacterial and wound healing activities. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11092438"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101510","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202101510","article-title":"Current advances in the roles of doped bioactive metal in biodegradable polymer composite scaffolds for bone repair: A mini review","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001356","article-title":"Applications of bacterial cellulose as a natural polymer in tissue engineering","volume":"67","author":"Bouhlouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asaio J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naghieh, S., Lindberg, G., Tamaddon, M., and Liu, C. (2021). Biofabrication strategies for musculoskeletal disorders: Evolution towards clinical applications. Bioengineering, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8090123"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403354","article-title":"Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: A review","volume":"27","author":"Pina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.075","article-title":"Characterization of trimethyl chitosan\/polyethylene glycol derivatized chitosan blend as an injectable and degradable antimicrobial delivery system","volume":"133","author":"Boles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3390\/md13031133","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. structure, properties and applications","volume":"13","author":"Younes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.12.012","article-title":"Biomaterials approaches to treating implant-associated osteomyelitis","volume":"81","author":"Inzana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S99651","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.03.002","article-title":"Chitosan-modifications and applications: Opportunities galore","volume":"68","author":"Mourya","year":"2008","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics.2021.100017","article-title":"Chitosan-based membranes preparation and applications: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"98","author":"Vedula","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Indian Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.072","article-title":"Bio-clarification of water from heavy metals and microbial effluence using fungal chitosan","volume":"83","author":"Tayel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"183","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular biology of antimicrobial drug action","volume":"57","author":"McHale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.005","article-title":"Inhibition of microbial pathogens by fungal chitosan","volume":"47","author":"Tayel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00609-2","article-title":"Chitosan disrupts the barrier properties of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"71","author":"Helander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM00628H","article-title":"Evaluation of absorbable hemostatic agents of polyelectrolyte complexes using carboxymethyl starch and chitosan oligosaccharide both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118440","article-title":"Vanillin-bioglass cross-linked 3D porous chitosan scaffolds with strong osteopromotive and antibacterial abilities for bone tissue engineering","volume":"271","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2017.09.011","article-title":"Characterization of gelatin\/zein nanofibers by hybrid electrospinning","volume":"75","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606619","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606619","article-title":"Injectable and tunable gelatin hydrogels enhance stem cell retention and improve cutaneous wound healing","volume":"27","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910748","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910748","article-title":"Physical double-network hydrogel adhesives with rapid shape adaptability, fast self-healing, antioxidant and NIR\/PH stimulus-responsiveness for multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and removable wound dressing","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044106","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/4\/4\/044106","article-title":"Electrospun gelatin\/polyurethane blended nanofibers for wound healing","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6595","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c02030","article-title":"Degradable gelatin-based IPN cryogel hemostat for rapidly stopping deep noncompressible hemorrhage and simultaneously improving wound healing","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134004","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab59eb","article-title":"Gelatin sponge functionalized with gold\/silver clusters for antibacterial application","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Lu, W., Guo, Y., Zhu, Y., and Song, Y. (2019). Electrospun gelatin fibers surface loaded ZnO particles as a potential biodegradable antibacterial wound dressing. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9040525"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"137","article-title":"Cellulose-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and localized drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Janmohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03674-w","article-title":"Cellulose and its derivatives: Towards biomedical applications","volume":"28","author":"Seddiqi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557885","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.557885","article-title":"Chemical modification of bacterial cellulose for the development of an antibacterial wound dressing","volume":"8","author":"Orlando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1021\/am400338n","article-title":"Bioinspired antimicrobial and biocompatible bacterial cellulose membranes obtained by surface functionalization with aminoalkyl groups","volume":"5","author":"Fernandes","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.141","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of contact active antibacterial surface based on chemically modified nanofibrillated cellulose by phenanthridinium silane salt","volume":"115","author":"Hassanpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM00423H","article-title":"Recent advances in inorganic nanomaterials for wound-healing applications","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5095","article-title":"Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels with innate antibacterial properties","volume":"5","author":"Giano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117989","article-title":"3D bioprinting of a cell-laden antibacterial polysaccharide hydrogel composite","volume":"264","author":"Rastin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"938","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States: Stepping back from the brink","volume":"89","author":"Solomon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-017-0062-1","article-title":"Designing and fabrication of curcumin loaded PCL\/PVA multi-layer nanofibrous electrospun structures as active wound dressing","volume":"6","author":"Saeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2019.1680928","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone\/montmorillonite nanocomposite: Wound dressing application with anti-bacterial and low cell toxicity properties","volume":"31","author":"Sadeghianmaryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117588","article-title":"Formulation and comparative characterization of nanoparticles of curcumin using natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers for wound healing","volume":"253","author":"Shende","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.038","article-title":"Curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles impregnated into collagen-alginate scaffolds for diabetic wound healing","volume":"93","author":"Karri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.034","article-title":"Chitosan-based hydrogels: Preparation, properties and applications","volume":"115","author":"Shariatinia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00126-5","article-title":"Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: A review","volume":"21","author":"Matthew","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201300058","article-title":"Electrospun antibacterial chitosan-based fibers","volume":"13","author":"Ignatova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"4470","article-title":"Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications","volume":"6","author":"Eckhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-021-02199-y","article-title":"Recent advancement of biopolymers and their potential biomedical applications","volume":"30","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00121-6","article-title":"Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage","volume":"21","author":"Hutmacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(98)00023-4","article-title":"Host response to tissue engineered devices","volume":"33","author":"Babensee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02983A","article-title":"Antibacterial biomaterials in bone tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.11.005","article-title":"Covalent immobilization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto biomaterial surfaces","volume":"7","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110195","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid\/corn silk extract based injectable nanocomposite: A biomimetic antibacterial scaffold for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"107","author":"Makvandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.08.026","article-title":"Antibacterial silk fibroin\/nanohydroxyapatite hydrogels with silver and gold nanoparticles for bone regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.04.012","article-title":"Progress of gelatin-based 3D approaches for bone regeneration","volume":"42","author":"Echave","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32381","article-title":"The pore size of polycaprolactone scaffolds has limited influence on bone regeneration in an in vivo model","volume":"92A","author":"Roosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101452","article-title":"Biopolymeric nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications\u2014A review","volume":"55","author":"Christy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S165440","article-title":"Current development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-014-9492-2","article-title":"Human platelet releasates combined with polyglycolic acid scaffold promote chondrocyte differentiation and phenotypic maintenance","volume":"40","author":"Bernardini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-796X(01)00035-3","article-title":"Polymeric biomaterials for tissue and organ regeneration","volume":"34","author":"Seal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00161-3","article-title":"Biocompatibility of implantable synthetic polymeric drug carriers: Focus on brain biocompatibility","volume":"24","author":"Fournier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S170280","article-title":"Recent insights on nanomedicine for augmented infection control","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24298","article-title":"Nanoengineered drug delivery systems for enhancing antibiotic therapy","volume":"104","author":"Kalhapure","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA13510F","article-title":"A functional chitosan-based hydrogel as a wound dressing and drug delivery system in the treatment of wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2015.1037272","article-title":"Drug delivery from gelatin-based systems","volume":"12","author":"Foox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8088","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b00692","article-title":"Mesoporous silica-layered biopolymer hybrid nanofibrous scaffold: A novel nanobiomatrix platform for therapeutics delivery and bone regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/1\/120\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1760147602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/1\/120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["polym15010120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15010120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]}}}