{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:37:38Z","timestamp":1790048258397,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Foundation for the Support of Scientific and Technological Research of Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPEMA EDITAL POS-GRAD-02355\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMA EDITAL POS-GRAD-02355\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the apical sealing ability and bioactivity of an experimental gutta-percha containing niobium phosphate bioglass. Thirty-six human premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into three groups: GPC\u2014filling with conventional gutta-percha; GBC\u2014filling with bioceramic gutta-percha (EndoSequence BC); GNB\u2014filling with experimental gutta-percha containing niobophosphate. Teeth were stored in tubes containing 2 mL of simulated body fluid (SBF) solution in an oven for 30 days. Then, the samples were immersed in lanthanum nitrate solution and analyzed for apical nanoleakage (NI) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM\/EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Gutta-percha specimens were immersed for 28 days (SBF) and analyzed in SEM\/EDS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess bioactivity. NI data originated from the SEM\/EDS were analyzed using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test (\u03b1 = 5%). NI data originated from TEM and bioactivity were descriptively reported. Statistical analysis did not detect a significant difference between groups (p = 0.13) for NI. In the bioactivity analysis, an abundant layer of hydroxyapatite was identified only in the surface of the GNB group samples. The gutta-percha containing niobophosphate bioglass promoted an apical sealing similar to EndoSequence BC, in addition to demonstrating bioactivity through the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the material after immersion in SBF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T04:37:15Z","timestamp":1679978235000},"page":"1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Apical Sealing and Bioactivity of an Experimental Gutta-Percha Containing Niobium Phosphate Bioglass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ruan Ferreira","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josu\u00e9 Montello, 1, Renascen\u00e7a II, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceci Nunes","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josu\u00e9 Montello, 1, Renascen\u00e7a II, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Bradaschia-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Core, The Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna La\u00eds Lins","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josu\u00e9 Montello, 1, Renascen\u00e7a II, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Arana-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FOUSP), Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre P. Lima de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FOUSP), Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Palmeira Arruda","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7843-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Grazziotin-Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontics Division, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3761-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FOUSP), Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edilausson Moreno","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josu\u00e9 Montello, 1, Renascen\u00e7a II, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(07)80180-4","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Long-Term Results of Endodontic Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Sjogren","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"M\u00e9todos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 infiltra\u00e7\u00e3o em obtura\u00e7\u00f5es endod\u00f4nticas","volume":"69","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. 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