{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:39:53Z","timestamp":1789850393668,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-73-10029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-73-10029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The experimental solubility data of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE) in organic solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, and chloroform) at temperatures ranging from 308.15 to 373.15 K at atmospheric pressure are reported in the present paper. The solubility of the polymers (PVC and HPPE) in organic solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, and chloroform) was studied at temperatures between 298 and 373 K. The supercritical SEDS dispersion of PVC and HPPE polymer blends at pressures between 8.0 and 25 MPa and at temperatures from 313 to 333 K are reported in the present work. The kinetics of crystallization and phase transformation in polymer blends obtained by blending in a melt, and using the supercritical SEDS method, have been studied. The effect of the HPPE\/PVC ratio on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the polymer blends has been studied. For all studied polymer blends and pure polymers obtained using the SEDS method, the heat of fusion \u0394fusH exceeds the values obtained by blending in the melt by 1.5 to 5) times. The heat of fusion of the obtained polymer blends is higher than the additive value; therefore, the degree of crystallinity is higher, and this effect persists after heat treatment. The relative elongation decreases for all polymer blends, but their tensile strength increases significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15091986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:06:11Z","timestamp":1682301971000},"page":"1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Blending of the Thermodynamically Incompatible Polyvinyl Chloride and High-Pressure Polyethylene Polymers Using a Supercritical Fluid Anti-Solvent Method (SEDS) Dispersion Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8137-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vener F.","family":"Khairutdinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilnar Sh.","family":"Khabriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid M.","family":"Gumerov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafail M.","family":"Khuzakhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslan M.","family":"Garipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenar Yu.","family":"Yarullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilmutdin M.","family":"Abdulagatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Dagestan State University, 367008 Makhachkala, Russia"},{"name":"Geothermal and Renewal Energy Institute of the High Temperature Joint Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.5450800601","article-title":"Compatibilization of Polymer Blends","volume":"80","author":"Utracki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ajitha, A.R., and Thomas, S. (2022). Compatibilization of Polymer Blends: Micro and Nano Scale Phase Morphologies, Interphase Characterization and Properties, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.35164\/0554-2901-2020-3-4-55-59","article-title":"Polyvinyl chloride-based polymer blends (overview)","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Lavrov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast. Massy"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kuleznev, V.N. (2003). Mixtures and Alloys of Polymers, Scientific Foundations and Technologies."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21999-3","article-title":"Impact of \u03b3-irradiation and SBR content in the compatibility of aminated (PVC\/LLDPE)\/ZnO for improving their AC conductivity and oil removal","volume":"12","author":"Sharshir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/vnl.20226","article-title":"Properties and morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid-state-chlorinated polyethylene","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vinyl Addit. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-022-03016-3","article-title":"Preparation and performance of an immiscible PVC-HDPE blend compatibilized with maleic anhydride (MAH) via in-situ reactive extrusion","volume":"29","author":"Maou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, M., Mensen, C., Qian, X., and Picchion, F. (2018). Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO2 as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10111285"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/0095244318783806","article-title":"Review on modification strategies of polyethylene\/polypropylene immiscible thermoplastic polymer blends for enhancing their mechanical behavior","volume":"51","author":"Graziano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Elastomers Plast."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123317","article-title":"Particle formation and product formulation using supercritical fluids","volume":"6","author":"Knez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2014.02.004","article-title":"Polymer-naproxen precipitation by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process","volume":"89","author":"Montes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2005.08.002","article-title":"Supercritical carbon dioxide as a green solvent for processing polymer melts: Processing aspects and applications","volume":"31","author":"Nalawade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2013.07.015","article-title":"Manipulating the size, the morphology and the polymorphism of acetaminophen using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation","volume":"82","author":"Rossmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"47","article-title":"The partnering of polyvinyl chloride with low density polyethylene with the use of graph-copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene with methylacrylate. Chemistry and chemical technology. Chemistry and technology of macromolecular compounds","volume":"50","author":"Lavrov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. St. Petersburg State Tech. Univ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116371","article-title":"VLE properties and the critical parameters of ternary mixture of CO2 + toluene\/dichloromethane involved in the SEDS precipitation process","volume":"337","author":"Khabriev","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khairutdinov, V.F., Khabriev, I.S., Gumerov, F.M., Khuzakhanov, R.M., Garipov, R.M., Akhmetzyanov, T.R., Ibatullin, A.N., and Abdulagatov, I.M. (2022). Dispersion of the Thermodynamically Immiscible Polypropylene and Ethylene\u2014Propylene Triple Synthetic Rubber Polymer Blends Using Supercritical SEDS Process: Effect of Operating Parameters. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15176432"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990793118080067","article-title":"Crystallization of polymer mixtures in the course of their solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids","volume":"12","author":"Khabriev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2004.10.006","article-title":"Formation of polymer particles with supercritical fluids: A review","volume":"34","author":"Yeo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Knez, \u017d., \u0160kerget, M., Hrn\u010di\u010d, M.K., and \u010cu\u010dek, D. (2014). Supercritical Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.07.021","article-title":"Design and process aspects of laboratory scale SCF particle formation systems","volume":"292","author":"Vemavarapu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2011.10.025","article-title":"Precipitation of tretinoin and acetaminophen with solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). Role of phase equilibria to optimize particle diameter","volume":"217","author":"Tabernero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.09.007","article-title":"Production of submicron particles of the antioxidants of mango leaves\/PVP by supercritical antisolvent extraction process","volume":"143","author":"Montes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2015.11.011","article-title":"Supercritical fluids and polymers","volume":"110","author":"Kiran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardea, S., and Reverchon, E. (2019). Supercritical fluid processing of polymers. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11101551"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemmere, M.F., and Meyer, \u0422. (2005). Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Polymer Reaction Engineering, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH.","DOI":"10.1002\/3527606726"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"78","article-title":"Polymer processing with supercritical fluids","volume":"42","author":"Kazarian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. C"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Sun, Y.P. (2002). Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and Engineering: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Gumerov, F.M., Sabirzyanov, A.N., and Gumerova, G.I. (2007). Sub- and Supercritical Fluids in Polymer Processing, FEN."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2012.06.004","article-title":"Supercritical fluids for farmaceutical particle engineering: Metods, basic fundamentals and modeling","volume":"60","author":"Galan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Proc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00173-X","article-title":"Biodegradable semi-crystalline comb polyesters influence the microsphere production by means of a supercritical extraction technique (ASES)","volume":"63","author":"Breitenbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.12.041","article-title":"Enhancing the solubility and bioavailablility of poorly waater-soluble drugs using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process","volume":"538","author":"Abuzara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990793111080082","article-title":"Thermodynamic principles of the dispersion of polycarbonate by the SAS method","volume":"5","author":"Khairutdinov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, G., Li, J., and Deng, S. (2021). Application of supercritical anti-solvent process in preparation of solid multicomponent systems. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040475"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco, P., and De Marco, I. (2020). Supercritical antisolvent process for pharmaceutical applications: A review. Process, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8080938"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0307174X1504200304","article-title":"The effect of maleinimides on the properties of a rubber compound based on nitrile butadiene rubber","volume":"42","author":"Ivanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Polym. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1007\/s11167-005-0564-9","article-title":"Solubility of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Organic Solvents","volume":"78","author":"Evchuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Russ. J. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Tager, A.A. (2007). Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Scientific World."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Kablov, V.F., and Novopoltseva, O.M. (2018). Polymer Blends. Thermodynamics, Production, Application, VolgGTU."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/9\/1986\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:21:27Z","timestamp":1760124087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/9\/1986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["polym15091986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15091986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]}}}