{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:01:41Z","timestamp":1790884901131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52173081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52173081"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52203339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52203339"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021HZ027019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HZ027019"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021FX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021FX01"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province","award":["52173081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52173081"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province","award":["52203339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52203339"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province","award":["2021HZ027019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HZ027019"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province","award":["2021FX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021FX01"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Platform Project in Quanzhou Area of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone","award":["52173081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52173081"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Platform Project in Quanzhou Area of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone","award":["52203339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52203339"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Platform Project in Quanzhou Area of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone","award":["2021HZ027019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HZ027019"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Platform Project in Quanzhou Area of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone","award":["2021FX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021FX01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is still extremely challenging to endow epoxy resins (EPs) with excellent flame retardancy and high toughness. In this work, we propose a facile strategy of combining rigid\u2013flexible groups, promoting groups and polar phosphorus groups with the vanillin compound, which implements a dual functional modification for EPs. With only 0.22% phosphorus loading, the modified EPs obtain a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.5% and reach V-0 grade in UL-94 vertical burning tests. Particularly, the introduction of P\/N\/Si-containing vanillin-based flame retardant (DPBSi) improves the mechanical properties of EPs, including toughness and strength. Compared with EPs, the storage modulus and impact strength of EP composites can increase by 61.1% and 240%, respectively. Therefore, this work introduces a novel molecular design strategy for constructing an epoxy system with high-efficiency fire safety and excellent mechanical properties, giving it immense potential for broadening the application fields of EPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15102384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1684490935000},"page":"2384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Novel P\/N\/Si-Containing Vanillin-Based Compound for a Flame-Retardant, Tough Yet Strong Epoxy Thermoset"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Siyuan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1582-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxi","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guorong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2010.01.001","article-title":"Thermosetting (bio)materials derived from renewable resources: A critical review","volume":"35","author":"Raquez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. 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