{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:35:45Z","timestamp":1792679745037,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of dental resin reinforced with different nanoparticle additives. Temporary crown specimens were 3D-printed and grouped based on nanoparticle type and amount, including zirconia and glass silica. Flexural strength testing evaluated the material\u2019s ability to withstand mechanical stress using a three-point bending test. Biocompatibility was tested using MTT and dead\/live cell assays to assess effects on cell viability and tissue integration. Fractured specimens were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for fracture surface examination and elemental composition determination. Results show that adding 5% glass fillers and 10\u201320% zirconia nanoparticles significantly improves the flexural strength and biocompatibility of the resin material. Specifically, the addition of 10%, 20% zirconia, and 5% glass silica by weight significantly increases the flexural strength of the 3D-printed resins. Biocompatibility testing reveals cell viabilities greater than 80% in all tested groups. Reinforced 3D-printed resin holds clinical potential for restorative dentistry, as zirconia and glass fillers have been shown to enhance mechanical and biocompatibility properties of dental resin, making it a promising option for dental restorations. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of more effective and durable dental materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15112523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T07:21:51Z","timestamp":1685517711000},"page":"2523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of 3D-Printed Dental Resin Reinforced with Glass Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles: In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-7600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshamrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alhotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Ellakwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"(CAD-)\/CAM in dental technology","volume":"28","author":"Witkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Quintessence Dent. 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