{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:23:08Z","timestamp":1792513388236,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The way to improve the properties (resistance to washing, delamination, and rubbing off) of the PEDOT:PSS coating applied on wool fabric without reduction of its electrical conductivity by introducing a commercially available combination of low formaldehyde content melamine resins into the printing paste is presented in this paper. Primarily, to improve the hydrophilicity and dyeability of wool fabric, the samples were modified using low-pressure nitrogen (N2) gas plasma. Two commercially available PEDOT:PSS dispersions were used to treat wool fabric by the exhaust dyeing and screen printing methods, respectively. Spectrophotometric measurements of the color difference (\u0394E*ab) and visual evaluation of woolen fabric dyed and printed with PEDOT:PSS in different shades of the blue color showed that the sample modified with N2 plasma obtained a more intense color compared to the unmodified one. SEM was used to examine the surface morphology and a cross-sectional view of wool fabric that had undergone various modifications. SEM image shows that the dye penetrates deeper into the wool fabric after plasma modification using dyeing and coating methods with a PEDOT:PSS polymer. In addition, with a Tubicoat fixing agent, HT coating looks more homogeneous and uniform. The chemical structure spectra of wool fabrics coated with PEDOT:PSS were investigated using FTIR-ATR characterization. The influence of melamine formaldehyde resins on the electrical properties, resistance to washing, and mechanical effects of PEDOT:PSS treated wool fabric was also evaluated. The resistivity measurement of the samples containing melamine-formaldehyde resins as an additive did not show a significant decrease in electrical conductivity, while the electrical conductivity was maintained after the washing and rubbing test as well. The best results of electrical conductivity for investigated wool fabrics before and after washing and mechanical action were determined for samples subjected to the combined processing\u2013surface modification by low-pressure N2 plasma, dyeing by exhaust with PEDOT:PSS, and coating by the screen-printing method of PEDOT:PSS and a 3 wt.% melamine formaldehyde resins mixture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15112539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1685585565000},"page":"2539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigation of Electrical and Wearing Properties of Wool Fabric Coated with PEDOT:PSS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julija","family":"Pupeik\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Textiles Technology, Demokratu\u02db Str. 53, LT-48485 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audron\u0117","family":"Sankauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Textiles Technology, Demokratu\u02db Str. 53, LT-48485 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7930-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Varnait\u0117-\u017duravliova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Textiles Technology, Demokratu\u02db Str. 53, LT-48485 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitalija","family":"Rube\u017eien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Textiles Technology, Demokratu\u02db Str. 53, LT-48485 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Au\u0161ra","family":"Abraitien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Textiles Technology, Demokratu\u02db Str. 53, LT-48485 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Van Langenhove, L., Puers, R., and Matthys, D. (2005). Textiles for Protection, Woodhead Publishing in Textiles."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4742728","article-title":"Smart textiles: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"112","author":"Cherenack","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Langenhove, L. (2013). Smart Textiles for Protection, Woodhead Publishing in Textiles.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857097620.1.3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koncar, V. (2016). Smart Textiles and Their Applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100574-3.00001-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kongahage, D., and Foroughi, J. (2019). Actuator materials: Review on recent advances and future outlook for smart textiles. Fibers, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib7030021"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.04.012","article-title":"Challenges for eco-design of emerging technologies: The case of electronic textiles","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2007.4293934","article-title":"The Characterization of Conductive Textile Materials Intended for Radio Frequency Applications","volume":"49","author":"Shawl","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Gharbi, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, R., Ahyoud, S., and Gil, I. (2020). A review of flexible wearable antenna sensors: Design, fabrication methods, and applications. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13173781"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1021\/ja028371y","article-title":"Polyaniline nanofibers: Facile synthesis and chemical sensors","volume":"125","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.09.046","article-title":"Conductive polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications","volume":"26","author":"Nambiar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"155892501100600302","article-title":"PLA\/carbon nanotubes multifilament yarns for relative humidity textile sensor","volume":"6","author":"Devaux","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eng. Fibers Fabr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.12041","article-title":"Textile-Based Strain Sensor for Human Motion Detection","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2050439","article-title":"E-Textile Conductors and Polymer Composites for Conformal Lightweight Antennas","volume":"58","author":"Bayram","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903949m","article-title":"Stretchable, Porous, and Conductive Energy Textiles","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25205","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b06406","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Porous Graphene Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitors with High Specific Capacitance and Rate Capability","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2019.01.007","article-title":"Electrochemical properties of PEDOT:PSS\/V2O5 hybrid fiber based supercapacitors","volume":"129","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/textiles1020012","article-title":"Electrically conductive textile materials\u2014Application in flexible sensors and antennas","volume":"1","author":"Krifa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Textiles"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/004051750107100813","article-title":"Electrostatic Discharge Properties of Stainless Steel\/Polyester Woven Fabrics","volume":"71","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/01445340802442096","article-title":"Major factors affecting the performance of ESD-protective fabrics","volume":"101","author":"Hebeish","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, N., and Sun, G. (2011). Functional Textiles for Improved Performance, Protection and Health, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857092878"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2023, April 25). Electrostatic Discharge Association ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology-Glossary. ESD ADV1.0\u20132009. Available online: www.esda.org\/assets\/Documents\/c23d92d4ab\/Fundamentals-of-ESD-Part-1-An-Introduction-to-ESD.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseghai, G.B., Mengistie, D.A., Malengier, B., Fante, K.A., and Van Langenhove, L. (2020). PEDOT: PSS-based conductive textiles and their applications. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20071881"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubeziene, V., Baltusnikaite-Guzaitiene, J., Abraitiene, A., Sankauskaite, A., Ragulis, P., Santos, G., and Pimenta, J. (2021). Development and investigation of PEDOT: PSS composition coated fabrics intended for microwave shielding and absorption. Polymer, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13081191"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26998","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08036","article-title":"PEDOT: PSS \u201cwires\u201d printed on textile for wearable electronics","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2018.03.001","article-title":"Electrically conducting fibres for e-textiles: An open playground for conjugated polymers and carbon nanomaterials","volume":"126","author":"Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"113","article-title":"Conductive polymer coatings","volume":"Volume 176","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Active Coatings for Smart Textiles"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1021\/am100036n","article-title":"Conductivity trends of PEDOT-PSS impregnated fabric and the effect of conductivity on electrochromic textile","volume":"2","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600348","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201600348","article-title":"Phase segregation of PEDOT: PSS on textile to produce materials of >10 A mm\u22122 current carrying capacity","volume":"302","author":"Otley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Elschner, A., Loevenich, W., Eiling, A., and Bayley, J. (2023, April 20). ITO Alternative: Solution Deposited Clevios TM PEDOT: PSS for Transparent Conductive Applications. Heraeus Trade Artic. Available online: https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/10545247\/english-cleviostm-conductive-transparent-and-flexible-polymers."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35371","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01834","article-title":"Review on PEDOT: PSS-Based Conductive Fabric","volume":"7","author":"Althagafy","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9045","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b00530","article-title":"Machine-washable PEDOT: PSS dyed silk yarns for electronic textiles","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ankhili, A., Tao, X., Cochrane, C., Koncar, V., Coulon, D., and Tarlet, J.M. (2019). Ambulatory evaluation of ECG signals obtained using washable textile-based electrodes made with chemically modified PEDOT: PSS. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020416"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700309","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700309","article-title":"Bluetooth Low Energy-Based Washable Wearable Activity Motion and Electrocardiogram Textronic Monitoring and Communicating System","volume":"3","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, X., Koncar, V., Huang, T.-H., Shen, C.-L., Ko, Y.-C., and Jou, G.-T. (2017). How to Make Reliable, Washable, and Wearable Textronic Devices. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040673"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.10.080","article-title":"Versatile and ductile cotton fabric achieved via layer-by-layer self-assembly by consecutive adsorption of graphene doped PEDOT: PSS and chitosan","volume":"96","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2372583","article-title":"Patterning the organic electrodes of all-organic thin film transistors with a simple spray printing technique","volume":"89","author":"Jang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"289","article-title":"Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of textiles using non-polymerising gases","volume":"36","author":"Kale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Fibre Text. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.2019.1642710","article-title":"Natural dyeing of wool with henna and yarrow enhanced by plasma treatment and optimized with response sur-face methodology","volume":"111","author":"Haji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"620370","article-title":"Plasma induced physicochemical changes and reactive dyeing of wool fabrics","volume":"2015","author":"Udakhe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1108\/RJTA-10-01-2006-B005","article-title":"Relationship between anti-felting properties and physicochemical properties of wool treated with low-temperature plasma","volume":"10","author":"Mori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. J. Text. Appar."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/1528083714564637","article-title":"The investigation of barrier and comfort properties of multifunctional coated conductive knitted fabrics","volume":"45","author":"Krauledas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Text."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2022.106768","article-title":"A review of recent progress in melamine-formaldehyde resin based nanocomposites as coating materials","volume":"165","author":"Dorieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1558925019829049","article-title":"Effect of fixation conditions on yellowing behavior of cellulose powder\u2013coated fabrics","volume":"14","author":"Manasoglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eng. Fibers Fabr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/pj.2012.162","article-title":"Melamine formaldehyde: Curing studies and reaction mechanism","volume":"45","author":"Merline","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4958845","article-title":"Correlation between the fine structure of spin-coated PEDOT: PSS and the photovoltaic performance of organic\/crystalline-silicon heterojunction solar cells","volume":"120","author":"Funda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18254","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02296","article-title":"Low-temperature cross-linking of PEDOT: PSS films using divinylsulfone","volume":"9","author":"Mantione","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2012). Protective Clothing\u2014General Requirements. Standard No. ISO 13688:2012."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2010). Textiles\u2014Tests for Colour Fastness\u2014Part C06: Colour Fastness to Domestic and Commercial Laundering (ISO 105-C06:2010). Standard No. LST EN ISO 105-C06:2010."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2006). Textiles\u2014Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing (ISO 139:2005). Standard No. LST EN ISO 139:2006."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2016). Textiles\u2014Tests for Colour Fastness\u2014Part X12: Colour Fastness to Rubbing (ISO 105-X12:2016). Standard No. LST EN ISO 105-X12:2016."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2010). Textiles\u2014Tests for Colour Fastness\u2014Part A01: General Principles of Testing (ISO 105-A01:2010). Standard No. LST EN ISO 105-A01:2010."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(1993). Textiles. Tests for Colour Fastness. Part A02: Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Colour (ISO 105-A02:1993). Standard No. LST EN ISO 105-A02:1993."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2010). Textiles\u2014Tests for Colour Fastness\u2014Part J03: Calculation of Colour Differences (ISO 105-J03:2009). Standard No. LST EN ISO 105-J03:2010."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2019). Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries\u2014Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers (ISO 16812:2019). Standard No. LST EN ISO 16812:2019."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9662","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee22595f","article-title":"Highly conductive PEDOT: PSS electrode by simple film treatment with methanol for ITO-free polymer solar cells","volume":"5","author":"Alemu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2004.06.023","article-title":"Electrical and morphological properties of PP and PET conductive polymer fibers","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.083","article-title":"High-performance textile electrodes for wearable electronics obtained by an improved in situ polymerization method","volume":"361","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumpikait\u0117, E., Varnait\u0117-\u017duravliova, S., Tautkut\u0117-Stankuvien\u0117, I., and Laureckien\u0117, G. (2021). Comparison of mechanical and end-use properties of grey and dyed cellulose and cellulose\/protein woven fabrics. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14112860"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517512444330","article-title":"Electrically conductive textile coating with a PEDOT-PSS dispersion and a polyurethane binder","volume":"83","year":"2013","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.07.069","article-title":"Self-healing, stretchable, and highly adhesive hydrogels for epidermal patch electrodes","volume":"139","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802077","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802077","article-title":"Cytocompatible, injectable, and electroconductive soft adhesives with hybrid covalent\/noncovalent dynamic network","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2020.109726","article-title":"Polymeric thermoelectric PEDOT: PSS & composites: Synthesis, progress, and applications","volume":"132","author":"Panigrahy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"119","article-title":"Thermal and radiation stability of alkyd based coatings used as insulators in the electrical rotating machines","volume":"1","author":"Bumbac","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Arts"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.12.074","article-title":"Conductive PEDOT: PSS coated polylactide (PLA) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) electrospun membranes: Fabrication and characterization","volume":"61","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4236\/ampc.2012.24B018","article-title":"Preparation and property analysis of melamine formaldehyde foam","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, J., Sankauskait\u0117, A., Jasulaitien\u0117, V., Varnait\u0117-\u017duravliova, S., and Abraitien\u0117, A. (2022). Impact of Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment of Wool Fabric for Dyeing with PEDOT: PSS. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15144797"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02875495","article-title":"Surface characterization of low temperature plasma treated wool fiber-the effect of the nature of gas","volume":"5","author":"Kan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/11\/2539\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:46:21Z","timestamp":1760125581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/11\/2539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["polym15112539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15112539","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]}}}