{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:03:00Z","timestamp":1770332580969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Khalid University","award":["RGP-1\/391\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-1\/391\/44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To evaluate the release profile of different modified-release oral formulations of niacin, such as immediate-release (IR) powder and tablets, timed-release (TR) caplets, extended-release (ER) capsules, and controlled-release (CR) tablets, to assure their defined release pattern and correlate this release with their matrix polymers. Significance: Niacin is used to manage hyperlipidemia by reducing cutaneous flushing and hepatotoxicity adverse events. The release profiles of different types of modified-release dosage forms depend on the types of coating materials (polymers) used in the matrix formation. Although different types of niacin formulations exist, none of the niacin dissolution profiles have been evaluated and compared in the literature. Methods: Four commercial orally modified-release niacin brands were collected from a local CVS pharmacy retail store, in Miami, FL, USA. The in vitro release study was conducted in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) conditions. Results: The results of the release patterns of four niacin-modified dosage forms (IR, ER, TR, and CR) were aligned with their release definitions. However, the CR dosage form did not follow an ideal release pattern. Conclusions: The release rate of niacin in vitro was pH dependent, which was confirmed by the similarity factor (f2) results. All the f2 comparison values were below 50 in both the SIF and SGF media, while all the comparisons were below the f2 values for all brands in the SIF media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15143046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T08:40:06Z","timestamp":1689324006000},"page":"3046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating the Release of Different Commercial Orally Modified Niacin Formulations In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Chbib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N Miami, Miami, FL 33169, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abdur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al Faraa, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarthak M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-0378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsin","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad N.","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonsson, B.H. (2018). Nicotinic Acid Long-Term Effectiveness in a Patient with Bipolar Type II Disorder: A Case of Vitamin Dependency. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020134"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Sledge, C.L., and Morgan, B.W. (2014). Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001). 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