{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:19:21Z","timestamp":1776064761596,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are pathological structures resulting from chronic inflammation during the wound healing process, particularly in complex injuries like burns. The aim of this work is to propose Biofiber PF (biodegradable fiber loaded with Pirfenidone 1.5 w\/w), an electrospun advanced dressing, as a solution for HTSs treatment in complex wounds. Biofiber has a 3-day antifibrotic action to modulate the fibrotic process and enhance physiological healing. Its electrospun structure consists of regular well-interconnected Poly-L-lactide-co-poly-\u03b5-caprolactone (PLA-PCL) fibers (size 2.83 \u00b1 0.46 \u00b5m) loaded with Pirfenidone (PF, 1.5% w\/w), an antifibrotic agent. The textured matrix promotes the exudate balance through mild hydrophobic wettability behavior (109.3 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0), and an appropriate equilibrium between the absorbency % (610.2 \u00b1 171.54%) and the moisture vapor transmission rate (0.027 \u00b1 0.036 g\/min). Through its finer mechanical properties, Biofiber PF is conformable to the wound area, promoting movement and tissue oxygenation. These features also enhance the excellent elongation (&gt;500%) and tenacity, both in dry and wet conditions. The ancillary antifibrotic action of PF on hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF) for 3 days downregulates the cell proliferation over time and modulates the gene expression of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) and \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) at 48\u201372 h. After 6 days of treatment, a decrement of \u03b1-SMA protein levels was detected, proving the potential of biofiber as a valid therapeutic treatment for HTSs in an established wound healing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15204045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"4045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Pirfenidone: An Innovative Approach for Scar Modulation in Complex Wounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Erika Maria","family":"Tottoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"CHT Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-2998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical-Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Genta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"CHT Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bice","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"CHT Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8576-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"CHT Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5774-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Dorati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.481","article-title":"Study of the in vitro cytotoxicity testing of medical devices","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. 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