{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:21:07Z","timestamp":1791724867287,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Agricultural joint project","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Foundation","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Workstation","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"111 project","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["202101AT070038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["202101BD070001-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101BD070001-105"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["2021J1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J1379"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation","award":["202201AS070152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AS070152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to solve the problem of excessive consumption of petrochemical resources and the harm of free formaldehyde release to human health, biomass raw materials, such as sucrose (S) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be chemically condensed in a simple route under acidic conditions to produce a formaldehyde free wood adhesive (S-ADP), characterized by good storage stability and water resistance, and higher wet shear strength with respect to petroleum based phenolic resin adhesive. The dry and boiling shear strength of the plywood based on S-ADP adhesive are as high as 1.05 MPa and 1.19 MPa, respectively. Moreover, is Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) is as high as 4910 MPa. Interestingly, the plywood based on the developed S-ADP adhesive exhibited good flame retardancy. After burning for 90 s, its shape remains unchanged. Meanwhile, it can be concluded from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that the S-ADP acquired excellent modulus of elasticity (MOE) and good thermal stability. It is thus thought promisingly that the use of S-ADP adhesive as a substitute for PF resin adhesive seems feasible in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16050640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1709011232000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Formaldehyde Free Sucrose-Based Adhesive for Fabrication of Plywood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Longjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Vocational College of National-Defense Technology, Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650223, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbo","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2075-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham","family":"Essawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Xinfeilin Wood-Based Panel Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuduan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakare, F.O., Skrifvars, M., \u00c5kesson, D., Wang, Y., Afshar, S.J., and Esmaeili, N. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of bio-based thermosetting resins from lactic acid and glycerol. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131.","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40488"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrobak, J., I\u0142owska, J., and Chrobok, A. (2022). Formaldehyde-free resins for the wood-based panel industry: Alternatives to formaldehyde and novel hardeners. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154862"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2023.103557","article-title":"Curing properties study on sucrose-melamine-formaldehyde resin","volume":"128","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.114604","article-title":"From acetone fractionation to lignin-based phenolic and polyurethane resins","volume":"178","author":"Arefmanesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107281","article-title":"Alumina nanoparticles as formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin: Rheological and in-situ cure performance","volume":"176","author":"Cademartori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12427","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c06008","article-title":"Can CO2 and renewable carbon be primary resources for sustainable fuels and chemicals?","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129304","article-title":"A review of plants formaldehyde metabolism: Implications for hazardous emissions and phytoremediation","volume":"436","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135030","article-title":"Preparation and properties of polyurethane\/epoxy-resin modified asphalt binders and mixtures using a bio-based curing agent","volume":"380","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.115","article-title":"Residual biomass as resource\u2013Life-cycle environmental impact of wastes in circular resource systems","volume":"196","author":"Olofsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06507-5","article-title":"Bonding wood with uncondensed lignins as adhesives","volume":"621","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.05.055","article-title":"Hemicellulose extraction and characterization for applications in paper coatings and adhesives","volume":"107","author":"Farhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.03.008","article-title":"Development of tannin-inspired antimicrobial bioadhesives","volume":"72","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.036","article-title":"Effects of various durations of enzyme hydrolysis on properties of starch-based wood adhesive","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23859","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c02859","article-title":"Fully biobased adhesive from glucose and citric acid for plywood with high performance","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2021.102958","article-title":"Preparation of a starch-based adhesive cross-linked with furfural, furfuryl alcohol and epoxy resin","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1039\/C3GC41935E","article-title":"Green and sustainable manufacture of chemicals from biomass: State of the art","volume":"16","author":"Sheldon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1039\/c3gc00060e","article-title":"Synthesis and utilisation of sugar compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"15","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11743-001-0196-y","article-title":"Syntheses and applications of sucrose-based esters","volume":"4","author":"Plat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Surfactants Deterg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0402","article-title":"Sucrose, high-sugar foods, and risk of endometrial cancer\u2014A population-based cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Friberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05801-6","article-title":"The dietary sweetener sucralose is a negative modulator of T cell-mediated responses","volume":"615","author":"Zani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1080\/16583655.2020.1794566","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon microspheres from sucrose with citric acid as a catalyst: Physicochemical and structural properties","volume":"14","author":"Sulistya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116818","article-title":"Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived \u03b1-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases","volume":"249","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.036","article-title":"Effect of amorphization method on the physicochemical properties of amorphous sucrose","volume":"243","author":"Morrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Sun, S., Wu, D., Zhang, M., Huang, C., Umemura, K., and Yong, Q. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive for plywood. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11121909"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.116298","article-title":"Developing on the well performance and eco-friendly sucrose-based wood adhesive","volume":"194","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2023.107633","article-title":"Facile preparation of epoxidized soybean oil-hexanediamine resin for fabrication of pressure-sensitive adhesives","volume":"182","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1080\/15440478.2019.1710648","article-title":"Synthesis and application of a formaldehyde-free flame-retardant for cotton fabrics by polymerization between diammonium hydrogen phosphate and citric acid","volume":"18","author":"Qutab","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Fibers"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.12.005","article-title":"Effect of l-threonine on growth and properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystal","volume":"13","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2023.105124","article-title":"Enhancement of surface properties of cementitious materials by phosphate treatments","volume":"141","author":"Pasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117247","article-title":"Superabsorbent crosslinked bacterial cellulose biomaterials for chronic wound dressings","volume":"253","author":"Junka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300174","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202300174","article-title":"Advances of Modified Lignin as Substitute to Develop Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, \u0130., Din\u00e7er, E., and Ya\u011fmur, H.K. (2023). Synthesis, characterization, thermal and electrochemical properties of poly (phenoxy-imine) s containing benzothiazole unit. Polym. Bull., 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-023-05062-3"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.01.099","article-title":"Enhanced thermal conductivities and decreased thermal resistances of functionalized boron nitride\/polyimide composites","volume":"164","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11631","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP06377B","article-title":"Electrochemical synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene quantum dots for free radical scavenging","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.028","article-title":"Effects of heat pretreatment of starch on graft copolymerization reaction and performance of resulting starch-based wood adhesive","volume":"96","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2022.2107905","article-title":"Improvement of the bonding performance of sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adhesive by addition of dephenolized cottonseed protein","volume":"99","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2019.04.012","article-title":"Tannin-based adhesive cross-linked by furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal and epoxy resins","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/5\/640\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:05:34Z","timestamp":1760105134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/5\/640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["polym16050640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym16050640","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}}}