{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:17:53Z","timestamp":1792243073091,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia","award":["DP-2021-986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP-2021-986"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia","award":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Sondes Ftiti at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Spain possible","award":["DP-2021-986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP-2021-986"]}]},{"name":"Sondes Ftiti at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Spain possible","award":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MICINN)","award":["DP-2021-986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP-2021-986"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MICINN)","award":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123891OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biocomposite films based on PLA reinforced with different \u03b2-TCP contents (10%, 20%, and 25%wt.) were fabricated via solvent casting and immersed in SBF for 7, 14, and 21 days. The bioactivity, morphological, and thermal behavior of composites with immersion were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, weight loss (WL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This broad analysis leads to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the polymer\u2013filler interaction with the degradation of the biocomposites. The results showed that \u03b2-TCP gradually evolved into carbonated hydroxyapatite as the immersion time increased. This evolution affected the interaction of \u03b2-TCP with PLA. PLA and \u03b2-TCP interactions differed from PLA and carbonated hydroxyapatite interactions. It was observed that \u03b2-TCP inhibited PLA hydrolysis but accelerated the thermal degradation of the polymer. \u03b2-TCP retarded the cold crystallization of PLA and hindered its crystallinity. However, after immersion in SBF, particles accelerated the cold crystallization of PLA. Therefore, considering the evolution of \u03b2-TCP with immersion in SBF is crucial for an accurate analysis of the biocomposites\u2019 degradation. These findings enhance the comprehension of the degradation mechanism in PLA\/\u03b2-TCP, which is valuable for predicting the degradation performance of PLA\/\u03b2-TCP in medical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16050719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T05:48:01Z","timestamp":1709704081000},"page":"719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Structural, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Polylactic Acid\/\u0392-Tricalcium Phosphate (PLA\/\u0392-TCP) Composites upon Immersion in SBF: A Comprehensive Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8626-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sondes","family":"Ftiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9779-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra C.","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awatef","family":"Guidara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Rams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassib","family":"Tounsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan P.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bl\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMDEA Materials Institute, C\/Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranakoti, L., Gangil, B., Bhandari, P., Singh, T., Sharma, S., Singh, J., and Singh, S. 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