{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:06:36Z","timestamp":1785769596744,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX23_1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX23_1441"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["202310291058Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310291058Z"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["51808288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51808288"]}]},{"name":"National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["KYCX23_1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX23_1441"]}]},{"name":"National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["202310291058Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310291058Z"]}]},{"name":"National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["51808288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51808288"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KYCX23_1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX23_1441"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202310291058Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310291058Z"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51808288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51808288"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in lightweight structures because of their high specific strength, specific modulus, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Additionally, the unidirectionally arrayed chopped strand (UACS) laminates have excellent mechanical properties and flowability, making them suitable for fabricating structures with complex geometry. In this paper, the damage process of UACS quasi-isotropic laminates under tensile load was tested using acoustic emission detection technology. The mechanical properties and damage failure mechanism of UACS laminates were studied combined with finite element calculation. By comparing and analyzing the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission signals such as amplitude, relative energy, and impact event, it is found that acoustic emission behavior can accurately describe the damage evolution of specimens during loading. The results show that the high-amplitude signals representing fiber fracture in continuous fiber laminates are concentrated in the last 41%, while in UACS laminates they are concentrated in the last 30%. In UACS laminates, more of the damage is caused by matrix cracks and delamination with medium- and low-amplitude signals, which indicates that UACS laminates have a good suppression effect on damage propagation. The stress\u2013strain curves obtained from finite element analysis agree well with the experiment results, showing the same damage sequence, which confirms that the model described in this research is reliable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16070890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1711375223000},"page":"890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Damage Monitoring of Regularly Arrayed Short-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates under Tensile Load Based on Acoustic Emission Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongda","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China"},{"name":"Suzhou Yihe Yongli New Energy Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Olymspan Thermal Energy Equipment Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2023.107749","article-title":"Improving mechanical and life cycle environmental performances of recycled CFRP automotive component by fibre architecture preservation","volume":"175","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Application of composites in new generation of large civil aircraft","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Mater. Compos. Sin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"12","article-title":"Application status and development trend of carbon fiber reinforced plastic","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"223","article-title":"Application analysis of CFRP based on automobile lightweight","volume":"48","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10443-022-10095-4","article-title":"A New Composite Leaf Spring for In-Board Bogie of New Generation High-Speed Trains","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.12913\/22998624\/169970","article-title":"Numerical and Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in the Tensile Composite Plate with the Open Hole","volume":"17","author":"Wysmulski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.148","article-title":"Experimental and FE parametric study on continuous steel-concrete composite beams strengthened with CFRP laminates","volume":"157","author":"Salim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071012","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049646","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Pellet-Based Extrusion Deposition of Short, Long, and Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing","volume":"143","author":"Pappas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomc.2022.100276","article-title":"A review on manufacturing defects and their detection of fiber reinforced resin matrix composites","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. Part C Open Access"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2008.09.012","article-title":"A new compression-molding approach using unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands","volume":"39","author":"Taketa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compos. Part A"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/089270579100400302","article-title":"LDF\u2122 Thermoplastic Composites Technology","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1177\/002199839302700803","article-title":"Damage Development in a Short Fiber Reinforced Composite","volume":"27","author":"Hour","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4361(86)91007-4","article-title":"Comparison of the mechanical properties of SMC with laminated GRP materials","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Composites"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2013.11.003","article-title":"Multiscale analysis of damage progression in newly designed UACS laminates","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compos. Part A"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2012.09.009","article-title":"New designs of unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands by introducing discontinuous angled slits into prepreg","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compos. Part A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2016.05.032","article-title":"Experimental investigation on the compression and crush responses of cross-ply laminates with 0\u00b0 plies of unidirectionally arrayed chopped strand","volume":"98","author":"Arifin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compos. Part B"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"261","article-title":"Progress in Research of Nondestructive Testing Technique of Composites","volume":"S1","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fiber Reinf. Plast. Compos."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2021.106300","article-title":"Experimental and numerical study on progressive damage and failure in composite laminates during open-hole compression tests","volume":"145","author":"Higuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosse, C., and Ohtsu, M. (2008). Acoustic Emission Testing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69972-9"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"115","article-title":"Application status and development trend of acoustic emission in research on damage mechanicsm of composite materials","volume":"8","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fiber Reinf. Plast. Compos."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wysmulski, P. (2022). Load Eccentricity of Compressed Composite Z-Columns in Non-Linear State. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15217631"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2022.108993","article-title":"Damage characterization of CFRP laminates using acoustic emission and digital image correlation: Clustering, damage identification and classification","volume":"277","author":"Andraju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2015.05.005","article-title":"Transverse cracking in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: Modal acoustic emission and peak frequency analysis","volume":"116","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tafmec.2023.103812","article-title":"Mode I interlaminar fracture characteristics of CNTs doped woven and unidirectional CFRP via acoustic emission","volume":"124","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2022.115427","article-title":"Bending damage evolution from micro to macro level in CFRP laminates studied by high-frequency acoustic microscopy and acoustic emission","volume":"288","author":"Morokov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2023.110003","article-title":"Failure mechanisms and acoustic emission pattern recognition of all-CFRP cylindrical honeycomb sandwich shell under three-point bending","volume":"237","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2023.109724","article-title":"Cross-scale data-based damage identification of CFRP laminates using acoustic emission and deep learning","volume":"294","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2024.111683","article-title":"Acoustic emission detection of filament wound CFRP composite structure damage based on Mel spectrogram and deep learning","volume":"198","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/0309324716645244","article-title":"Acoustic emission response and micro-deformation behavior for compressive buckling failure of multi-delaminated composites","volume":"51","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"97","article-title":"Tensile deformation measurement and acoustic emission monitoring of carbon fiber braided composite","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eng. Plast. Appl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.243.163","article-title":"Research of the Damage and Failure Processes of Composite Materials Based on Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Method of Digital Image Correlation","volume":"243","author":"Wildemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Solid State Phenom."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2014). Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. Standard No. ASTM D3039M."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/7\/890\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:17:57Z","timestamp":1760105877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/7\/890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["polym16070890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym16070890","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]}}}