{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:00:39Z","timestamp":1788973239604,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Program for Research of the National Association of Technical Universities-GNAC ARUT 2023","award":["220235125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220235125"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A challenge in tissue engineering and the pharmaceutical sector is the development of controlled local release of drugs that raise issues when systemic administration is applied. Strontium is an example of an effective anti-osteoporotic agent, used in treating osteoporosis due to both anti-resorptive and anabolic mechanisms of action. Designing bone scaffolds with a higher capability of promoting bone regeneration is a topical research subject. In this study, we developed composite multi-layer three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on nano-hydroxyapatite (HA), Sr-containing nano-hydroxyapatite (SrHA), and poly-\u03b5-caprolactone (PCL) through the material extrusion fabrication technique. Previously obtained HA and SrHA with various Sr content were used for the composite material. The chemical, morphological, and biocompatibility properties of the 3D-printed scaffolds obtained using HA\/SrHA and PCL were investigated. The 3D composite scaffolds showed good cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential, which is specifically recommended in applications when faster mineralization is needed, such as osteoporosis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16111511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T08:36:22Z","timestamp":1716798982000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Three-Dimensional-Printed Composite Scaffolds Containing Poly-\u03b5-Caprolactone and Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite for Osteoporotic Bone Restoration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3681-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin Iulian","family":"Codrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry \u201cIlie Murgulescu\u201d of the Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0527-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lincu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry \u201cIlie Murgulescu\u201d of the Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9970-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir Lucian","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Centre for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Ionu\u021b","family":"Nicoar\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Centre for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6273-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miruna Silvia","family":"Stan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1243-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Ficai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Centre for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Ficai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Centre for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"The Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov St. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Maturation of Hydroxyapatite from Biogenic Calcium Source\u2014A Comparative Study","volume":"84","author":"Dumitrescu","year":"2022","journal-title":"U.P.B. 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