{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:36:05Z","timestamp":1792164965933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tissue engineering scaffolds have been dedicated to regenerating damaged tissue by serving as host biomaterials for cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, and proliferation to develop new tissue. In this work, the design and fabrication of a biodegradable bilayer scaffold consisting of a ternary PLLA\/PCL\/CAB blend film layer and a PLGA\/curcumin (CC) electrospun fiber layer were studied and discussed in terms of surface morphology, tensile mechanical properties, and molecular interactions. Three different compositions of PLLA\/PCL\/CAB\u201460\/15\/25 (TBF1), 75\/10\/15 (TBF2), and 85\/5\/10 (TBF3)\u2014were fabricated using the solvent casting method. The electrospun fibers of PLGA\/CC were fabricated using chloroform (CF) and dimethylformamide (DMF) co-solvents in 50:50 and 60:40 volume ratios. Spherical patterns of varying sizes were observed on the surfaces of all blend films\u2014TBF1 (17\u201321 \u00b5m) &gt; TBF2 (5\u20139 \u00b5m) &gt; TBF3 (1\u20135 \u00b5m)\u2014caused by heterogeneous surfaces inducing bubble nucleation. The TBF1, TBF2, and TBF3 films showed tensile elongation at break values of approximately 170%, 94%, and 43%, respectively. The PLGA\/CC electrospun fibers fabricated using 50:50 CF:DMF had diameters ranging from 100 to 400 nm, which were larger than those of the PLGA fibers (50\u2013200 nm). In contrast, the PLGA\/CC electrospun fibers fabricated using 60:40 CF:DMF had diameters mostly ranging from 200 to 700 nm, which were larger than those of PLGA fibers (200\u2013500 nm). Molecular interactions via hydrogen bonding were observed between PLGA and CC. The surface morphology of the bilayer scaffold demonstrated adhesion between these two solid surfaces resembling \u201cthread stitches\u201d promoted by hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and surface roughness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16121679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1718259791000},"page":"1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bilayer Scaffolds of PLLA\/PCL\/CAB Ternary Blend Films and Curcumin-Incorporated PLGA Electrospun Nanofibers: The Effects of Polymer Compositions and Solvents on Morphology and Molecular Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Areeya","family":"Tuanchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phakanan","family":"Iamphring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattaraporn","family":"Suttaphakdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medta","family":"Boupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2527-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Mikule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"P\u00e9rez Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7498-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patnarin","family":"Worajittiphon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3610-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2340-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth Michael","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Kunc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Mike\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2158-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Unno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukunya","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-022-05180-9","article-title":"A Review on Curcumin-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers and their Application in Modern Medicin","volume":"74","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echeverria Molina, M.I., Malollari, K.G., and Komvopoulos, K. 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