{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:48:07Z","timestamp":1784868487522,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry","award":["20230024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230024"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry","award":["YF24-Y13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YF24-Y13"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry","award":["2023Z06B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z06B"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Law Research Center","award":["20230024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230024"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Law Research Center","award":["YF24-Y13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YF24-Y13"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Medical Law Research Center","award":["2023Z06B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z06B"]}]},{"name":"Shandong College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, and the Scientific research project of Shandong University of Political Science and Law","award":["20230024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230024"]}]},{"name":"Shandong College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, and the Scientific research project of Shandong University of Political Science and Law","award":["YF24-Y13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YF24-Y13"]}]},{"name":"Shandong College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, and the Scientific research project of Shandong University of Political Science and Law","award":["2023Z06B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z06B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chitosan samples were prepared from the shells of marine animals (crab and shrimp) and the cell walls of fungi (agaricus bisporus and aspergillus niger). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to detect their molecular structures, while headspace-gas chromatography\u2013ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was employed to analyze their odor composition. A total of 220 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including esters, ketones, aldehydes, etc., were identified as the odor fingerprinting components of chitosan for the first time. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that chitosan could be effectively identified and classified based on its characteristic VOCs. The sum of the first three principal components explained 87% of the total variance in original information. An orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model was established for tracing and source identification purposes, demonstrating excellent performance with fitting indices R2X = 0.866, R2Y = 0.996, Q2 = 0.989 for independent variable fitting and model prediction accuracy, respectively. By utilizing OPLS-DA modeling along with a heatmap-based tracing path study, it was found that 29 VOCs significantly contributed to marine chitosan at a significance level of VIP &gt; 1.00 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas another set of 20 VOCs specifically associated with fungi chitosan exhibited notable contributions to its odor profile. These findings present a novel method for identifying commercial chitosan sources, which can be applied to ensure biological safety in practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16131858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T04:53:27Z","timestamp":1719809607000},"page":"1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Odor Fingerprinting of Chitosan and Source Identification of Commercial Chitosan: HS-GC-IMS, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, and Tracing Path Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jin-Shuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Lai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Health Ocean Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Nan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Rui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casadidio, C., Peregrina, D.V., Gigliobianco, M.R., Deng, S., Censi, R., and Di Martino, P. 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