{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:48:52Z","timestamp":1791856132689,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020ZDLGY13-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY13-11"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["ACNM-202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACNM-202301"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University New Think Tank Open Fund Project\u2014Research on the Development Mechanism of Light Industry Talent Training","award":["2020ZDLGY13-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY13-11"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University New Think Tank Open Fund Project\u2014Research on the Development Mechanism of Light Industry Talent Training","award":["ACNM-202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACNM-202301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With improvements in living standards, the demand for antibacterial self-cleaning coatings has significantly increased. In this work, self-cleaning coatings with antibacterial properties were fabricated by spray-coating a composite of fluorinated acrylic resin and Ag\/SiO2 nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium salts. The synergistic action of the quaternary ammonium salts and silver nanostructures caused the coating to show a dual antibacterial effect. The Ag\/SiO2 nanoparticles roughened the coating\u2019s surface and, in combination with the fluorinated chains, provided the surface a superhydrophobic self-cleaning property with a contact angle of 156\u00b0 and a sliding angle of less than 2\u00b0. Notably, the composite coating withstood 100 abrasion cycles without losing its superhydrophobicity and the contact angle is still exceeded 150\u00b0 after 60 h of immersion solutions with different pH values, demonstrating outstanding wear resistance and acid\/alkali stability. The incorporation of nanostructured antibacterial agents was effective in improving the roughness and antibacterial properties of the low-surface-energy resin, resulting in a self-cleaning antibacterial composite coating. This method may pave a new route for the design of functional coating materials with excellent overall performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16131885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1719821849000},"page":"1885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Self-Cleaning Antibacterial Composite Coating of Fluorinated Acrylic Resin and Ag\/SiO2 Nanoparticles with Quaternary Ammonium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiufeng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-hua","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2535","article-title":"Self-adhesive lubricated coating for enhanced bacterial resistance","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, Y., and Lee, K. (2022). Repetitive bacterial disinfection of respirators by polydopamine coating. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12178710"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"35","article-title":"Silver ion doped hydroxyapatite-coated titanium pins prevent bacterial colonization","volume":"32","author":"Sevencan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jt. Dis. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25383-z","article-title":"Point-of-care antimicrobial coating protects orthopaedic implants from bacterial challenge","volume":"12","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127532","article-title":"Anti-bacterial, icephobic, and corrosion protection potentials of superhydrophobic nanodiamond composite coating","volume":"630","author":"Uzoma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloid. Surface. Asp."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Rugaie, O., Abdellatif, A.A.H., El-Mokhtar, M.A., Sabet, M.A., Abdelfattah, A., Alsharidah, M., Aldubaib, M., Barakat, H., Abudoleh, S.M., and Al-Regaiey, K.A. (2022). Retardation of bacterial biofilm formation by coating urinary catheters with metal nanoparticle-stabilized polymers. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071297"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138031","article-title":"A multifunctional coating towards superhydrophobicity, flame retardancy and antibacterial performances","volume":"450","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.154177","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of superhydro-phobic photothermal materials with self-healing for efficient ice removal","volume":"600","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/app2020453","article-title":"Fluorine based superhydrophobic coatings","volume":"2","author":"Brassard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14509","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b02025","article-title":"Environment-friendly antibiofouling superhydrophobic coatings","volume":"7","author":"Razavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-007-4360-7","article-title":"Superhydrophobic PEEK\/PTFE composite coating","volume":"91","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101053","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202101053","article-title":"Recent Advances in antibacterial superhydrophobic coatings","volume":"24","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1680\/si.12.00013","article-title":"Superhydrophobic oleophobic PDMS-silica nanocomposite coating","volume":"1","author":"Basu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surf. Innov."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2024.104362","article-title":"Superhydrophobic coating of a modified calcium sulfate whiskers@SiO2-F\/TPU for anti-icing applications","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109561","article-title":"Supramolecular polymer-based, ultra-robust, and nonfluorinated, sub-zero temperature self-healing superhydrophobic coatings for energy harvesting","volume":"125","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2023.03.006","article-title":"New superhydrophobic composite coatings on Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy","volume":"11","author":"Nadaraia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-021-02729-1","article-title":"PVC-SiO2-Ag composite as a powerful biocide and anti-SARS-CoV-2 material","volume":"28","author":"Assis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcelo, A., Luiz, G.P., Simoes, G.C., Tremiliosi, G.C., Minozzi, D.T., Santos, R.I., Vilela, D.C.B., Santos, J.R., Ribeiro, L.K., and Rosa, I.L.V. (2021). SiO2-Ag composite as a highly virucidal material: A roadmap that rapidly eliminates SARS-CoV-2. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030638"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S366899","article-title":"Riclin-capped silver nanoparticles as an antibacte-rial and anti-inflammatory wound dressing","volume":"2022","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47029","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c14068","article-title":"Wood-based Solar Interface Evaporation Device with self-desalting and high antibacterial activity for efficient solar steam generation","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.2c00598","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium salts: Insights into synthesis and new directions in antibacterial applications","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2023.112003","article-title":"Sustained release of EGF\/bFGF growth factors achieved by mus-sel-inspired core\u2013shell nanofibers with hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects for promoting wound healing","volume":"190","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133219","article-title":"Water-soluble lignin quaternary ammonium salt for electrospun morpholo-gy-controllable antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol\/lignin quaternary ammonium salt nanofibers","volume":"368","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2021.100922","article-title":"Tribological properties of bismaleimide-based self-lubricating composite enhanced by MoS2 quantum dots\/graphene hybrid","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.122","article-title":"Tailorable antibacterial and cytotoxic chitosan derivatives by introducing quaternary ammonium salt and sulfobetaine","volume":"218","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.04.031","article-title":"Bioresin-based superhydrophobic coatings with reduced bacterial adhesion","volume":"574","author":"Naderizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2021.100857","article-title":"Superhydrophobic composite coatings in bacterial culture media: Durable antibacterial activity and enhanced corrosion resistance","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2017.09.001","article-title":"Thermoplastic polyure-thanes with glycolysate intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling","volume":"144","author":"Ugarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stabil."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151047","DOI":"10.20964\/2021.01.75","article-title":"Core-shell fluorine-silicon modified polyacrylic coating for corrosion protection of 304 stainless steel substrate","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2020.109679","article-title":"POSS and fluorine containing nanostructured block copolymer; Synthesis via RAFT polymerization and its application as hydrophobic coating material","volume":"131","author":"Ponnupandian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18253-1","article-title":"Experimental and modeling investigation of organic modified montmorillo-nite with octyl quaternary ammonium salt","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, Q.F., Lyu, Z.J., Shangguan, W.C., Qiao, B.L., and Qin, P.W. (2018). The synthesis and morphology of a perfluoroalkyl oligosiloxane@SiO2 resin and its performance in antifingerprint coating. Coatings, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings8030100"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.07.074","article-title":"Oxidized regenerated cellulose cross-linked gelatin microparticles for rapid and biocompatible hemostasis: A versatile cross-linking agent","volume":"200","author":"Sezer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.101443","article-title":"Melt fluidity and thermal property of thermo-setting siloxane-containing polyimide resins and their organic\/inorganic hybrid characteristics","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.12.032","article-title":"Film morphology, orientation and performance of dodecyl\/carboxyl functional polysiloxane on cotton substrates","volume":"257","author":"An","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2007.08.095","article-title":"A study on bactericidal properties of Ag coated carbon nanotubes","volume":"264","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. At."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.2019.1668137","article-title":"Ag nanoparticles-coated cotton fabric for durable antibacterial activity: Derived from phytic acid\u2013Ag complex","volume":"111","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2006.10.039","article-title":"Preparation of high quality Ag film from Ag nanoparticles","volume":"253","author":"Yan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6275","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA46711B","article-title":"Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on crystallization behaviors of POSS\/polydimethylsiloxane rubber nanocomposites","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201101037","article-title":"From an octakis(3-cyanopropyl)silsesquioxane building block to a highly COOH-functionalized hybrid organic\u2013inorganic material","volume":"2012","author":"Boullanger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA10638K","article-title":"Durable mixed edible wax coating with stretching superhydrophobicity","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA04994G","article-title":"Biomimetic super durable and stable surfaces with superhydrophobicity","volume":"6","author":"Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02986","article-title":"Facile coating of urinary catheter with Bio-inspired antibacterial coating","volume":"5","author":"Yassin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB00534J","article-title":"Mussel-inspired coatings with tunable wettability, for enhanced antibacterial efficiency and reduced bacterial adhesion","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c02704","article-title":"Facile recycling of waste fabrics for preparing multifunctional photothermal protective materials","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15813","DOI":"10.1021\/am502886m","article-title":"Polymer-Ag nanocomposites with enhanced antimicrobial activity against bacterial infection","volume":"6","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghezzi, D., Boi, M., Sassoni, E., Valle, F., Giusto, E., Boanini, E., Baldini, N., Cappelletti, M., and Graziani, G. (2023). Customized biofilm de-vice for antibiofilm and antibacterial screening of newly developed nanostructured silver and Zinc coatings. J. Biol. Eng., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-023-00326-y"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/13\/1885\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1760108923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/13\/1885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["polym16131885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym16131885","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}