{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:27:21Z","timestamp":1790742441990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chilean National Research and Development Agency","award":["EQM 170077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQM 170077"]}]},{"name":"Chilean National Research and Development Agency","award":["2160341 IF\/R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2160341 IF\/R"]}]},{"name":"University of Bio-Bio","award":["EQM 170077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQM 170077"]}]},{"name":"University of Bio-Bio","award":["2160341 IF\/R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2160341 IF\/R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catalytic biomass pyrolysis is one of the most promising routes for obtaining bio-sustainable products that replace petroleum derivatives. This study evaluates the production of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)) from the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata (PR) and Eucalyptus globulus (EG)). Chilean natural zeolite (NZ) was used as a catalyst for pyrolysis reactions, which was modified by double ion exchange (H2NZ) and transition metals impregnation (Cu5H2NZ and Ni5H2NZ). The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ammonium programmed desorption (TPD-NH3), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (Py-GC\/MS) allowed us to study the influence of natural and modified zeolite catalysts on BTX production. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of metal oxides (CuO and NiO) in the zeolite framework, and SEM-EDS confirmed successful metal impregnation (6.20% for Cu5H2NZ and 6.97% for Ni5H2NZ). Py-GC\/MS revealed a reduction in oxygenated compounds such as esters, ketones, and phenols, along with an increase in aromatic compounds in PR from 2.92% w\/w (without catalyst) to 20.89% w\/w with Ni5H2NZ at a biomass\/catalyst ratio of 1\/5, and in EG from 2.69% w\/w (without catalyst) to 30.53% w\/w with Ni5H2NZ at a biomass\/catalyst ratio of 1\/2.5. These increases can be attributed to acidic sites within the catalyst pores or on their surface, facilitating deoxygenation reactions such as dehydration, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, aldol condensation, and aromatization. Overall, this study demonstrated that the catalytic biomass pyrolysis process using Chilean natural zeolite modified with double ion exchange and impregnated with transition metals (Cu and Ni) could be highly advantageous for achieving significant conversion of oxygenated compounds into hydrocarbons and, consequently, improving the quality of the condensed pyrolysis vapors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16131912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T06:28:54Z","timestamp":1720074534000},"page":"1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Biomass Valorization through Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Metal-Impregnated Natural Zeolites: From Waste to Resources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Venegas-V\u00e1sconez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Maderas, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Cromatograf\u00eda Gaseosa y Pir\u00f3lisis Anal\u00edtica, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Orejuela-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s\/n y Av. Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 170157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Valarezo-Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s\/n y Av. Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 170157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor H.","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Materiales, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-0249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Tipanluisa-Sarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Mec\u00e1nica, Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5356-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serguei","family":"Alejandro-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Maderas, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Cromatograf\u00eda Gaseosa y Pir\u00f3lisis Anal\u00edtica, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"BP (2021). 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