{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:52:12Z","timestamp":1792403532700,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.12426.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12426.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to heightened environmental awareness, various industries, including the civil and automotive sector, are contemplating a shift towards the utilization of more sustainable materials. For adhesive bonding, this necessitates the exploration of materials derived from renewable sources, commonly denoted as bio-adhesives. This study focuses on a bio-adhesive L-joint, which is a commonly employed configuration in the automotive sector for creating bonded structural components with significant bending stiffness. In this investigation, the behavior of joints composed of pine wood and bio-based adhesives was studied. Two distinct configurations were studied, differing solely in the fiber orientation of the wood. The research combined experimental testing and finite element modeling to analyze the strength of the joints and determine their failure mode when subjected to tensile loading conditions. The findings indicate that the configuration of the joint plays a crucial role in its overall performance, with one of the solutions demonstrating higher strength. Additionally, a good degree of agreement was observed between the experimental and numerical analyses for one of the configurations, while the consideration of the maximum principal stress failure predictor (MPSFP) proved to accurately predict the location for crack propagation in both configurations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16172546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T07:14:04Z","timestamp":1725866044000},"page":"2546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring Bio-Based Polyurethane Adhesives for Eco-Friendly Structural Applications: An Experimental and Numerical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ana M. S.","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina S. P.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8418-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz D.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A. S.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J. C.","family":"Carbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Bordado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Vall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Str. 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas F. M.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva, L.F.M., \u00d6chsner, A., and Adams, R.D. (2018). Handbook of Adhesion Technology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55411-2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges, C.S.P., Jalali, S., Tsokanas, P., Marques, E.A.S., Carbas, R.J.C., and da Silva, L.F.M. (2022). Sustainable Development Approaches through Wooden Adhesive Joints Design. 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