{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:34:56Z","timestamp":1787956496945,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","award":["FF-2023-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-2023-166"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","award":["EIA-2022-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIA-2022-010"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research","award":["FF-2023-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-2023-166"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research","award":["EIA-2022-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIA-2022-010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF-2023-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-2023-166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK10\/UKM\/02\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EIA-2022-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIA-2022-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the primary causes of low back pain, causing disability; hence, there is no regenerative nature of the current treatments. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was reported to facilitate tissue repair and alleviate pain. Herein, we determined the therapeutic effect of HA and type II collagen (COLII) hydrogel for tissue repair targeting pain in IVD degeneration. We implanted HA\/COLII hydrogel following surgically induced disc injury at coccygeal levels in the rat tail model of pain. We assessed the efficacy of the HA\/COLII hydrogel in reducing pain behaviour by using the von Frey assessment, protein expression of growth-associated protein (GAP) 43 for sensory nerve innervation, and disc hydration by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We observed the anti-nociceptive effect of the HA\/COLII hydrogel in alleviating mechanical allodynia in rats. There was an inhibition of sensory hyperinnervation indicated by the GAP43 protein in the treatment group. We revealed an increase in T1\u03c1 mapping of MRI, indicating that the hydrogel restored disc hydration in vivo. Our findings suggest the HA\/COLII hydrogel alleviates pain behaviour, inhibits hyperinnervation and promotes disc hydration for tissue repair, implying that it is a potential candidate for the treatment of degenerative disc-associated low back pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16182574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T02:30:23Z","timestamp":1726108223000},"page":"2574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Deciphering the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid\/Collagen Hydrogel for Pain Relief and Tissue Hydration in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rusydi","family":"Mohd Razak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Arina Amira","family":"Harizal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali Zuhdi","family":"Azman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najwa Syakirah","family":"Mohd Redzuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7092-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed H.","family":"Ogaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Hafiz","family":"Kamarrudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Fakhrullah","family":"Mohamad Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Industry Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Aqilah","family":"Kamaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aminatul Saadiah","family":"Abdul Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Industry Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabarul Afian","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5389-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isma Liza","family":"Mohd Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"},{"name":"C\u00daRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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