{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:39:08Z","timestamp":1788583148217,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial coatings are becoming increasingly popular in functional material modification and are essential in addressing microbial infection challenges. In this study, the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of aqueous, 80% methanol and 80% ethanol pod extracts of Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC (AC) and its application in the green in situ (one pot) synthesis of silver nanoparticles on Cellulose nano fibrils (CNF) and Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) were prepared. The phytochemical evaluation of Acacia concinna crude extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids. The surface plasmon Resonance peak of CNF\/AC-AgNPs was 450 nm and the FTIR result confirmed functional groups such as carbonyl, phenols and carboxyl were present which was important for the bio-reduction of silver nanoparticles. The crude AC aqueous pods extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared with AC ethanol and AC methanol extracts. The WPU\/CNF\/AC-AgNPs composite dispersion was also good in terms of its antibacterial activities. The WPU\/CNF\/AC-AgNPs nanocomposites could be applied as bifunctional nanofillers as an antimicrobial agent in food packaging systems and other biological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16192683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T03:49:46Z","timestamp":1727149786000},"page":"2683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antimicrobial Effect of Waterborne Polyurethane-Based Cellulose Nanofibril\/Silver Nanoparticles Composites and Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC Extract (Shikakai)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lu Lu","family":"Taung Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Myitkyina, Myitkyina 01011, Kachin State, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u2019ng Paik","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Min","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8587-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Uyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainun Zuriyati","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5214-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezyana Kamal","family":"Bahrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0695-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mas Jaffri","family":"Masarudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra Afrina binti","family":"Mohamad Zulkifli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung Woey","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.084","article-title":"Cellulose nanofibril\/ silver nanoparticle composite as an active food packaging system and its toxicity to human colon cells","volume":"129","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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