{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:54:23Z","timestamp":1792205663667,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSPD2024R604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R604"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites incorporating urchin-like WO3 particles through a cost-effective solution-casting method has led to significant enhancements in structural, thermal, optical, and rheological properties. The incorporation of these WO3 particles up to 7 wt% resulted in the formation of an irregular honeycomb-like morphology with broad pore sizes ranging from 14.1 to 24.7 \u00b5m, as confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis. The urchin-like WO3 particles acted as effective nucleating agents, increasing the crystallinity of PLA from 40% to 50% and achieving an impressive overall crystallinity rate of 97%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an 11 K reduction in the crystalline phase transition temperature while maintaining stable melting (Tm) and glass transition (Tg) temperatures. Thermal analysis indicated a significant decrease in the onset of degradation and maximum thermal stability (Tmax), with a reduction of 21 K due to the incorporation of the WO3 particles. Optical measurements showed enhancement of UV-blocking properties from 9% to 55% with the WO3 particle loading. Rheological tests demonstrated substantial improvements in viscoelastic properties, including a remarkable 30-fold increase in storage modulus, suggesting enhanced gel formation. Although the nanocomposites showed minimal antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, they exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans. These results underscore the potential of the PLA\/WO3 nanocomposites for advanced material applications, particularly where enhanced mechanical, thermal, optical, and antifungal performance is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16192702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1727236884000},"page":"2702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Urchin-like WO3 Particles Form Honeycomb-like Structured PLA\/WO3 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Crystallinity, Thermal Stability, Rheological, and UV-Blocking and Antifungal Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1562-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihem","family":"Daikhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Mol\u00e9culaire et Macromol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de Science, Universit\u00e9 de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Hammani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Mol\u00e9culaire et Macromol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de Science, Universit\u00e9 de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumia","family":"Guerziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Mol\u00e9culaire et Macromol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de Science, Universit\u00e9 de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda","family":"Alsaeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syreina","family":"Sayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2913-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhael","family":"Bechlany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Masjid Al Aqsa Street, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Barhoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 4034572, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9304","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00553","article-title":"Chemistry, structures, and advanced applications of nanocomposites from biorenewable resources","volume":"120","author":"Ates","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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