{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:31:39Z","timestamp":1760146299599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INCIPIT COFUND H2020","award":["665403","956325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665403","956325"]}]},{"name":"MSCA-ITN-2020-ASTROTECH","award":["665403","956325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665403","956325"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past two decades, the development of nerve guide conduits (NGCs) has gained much attention due to the impellent need to find innovative strategies to take care of damaged or degenerated peripheral nerves in clinical surgery. In this view, significant effort has been spent on the development of high-performance NGCs by different materials and manufacturing approaches. Herein, a highly versatile and easy-to-handle route to process 3D porous tubes made of chitosan and gelatin to be used as a nerve guide conduit were investigated. This allowed us to fabricate highly porous substrates with a porosity that ranged from 94.07 \u00b1 1.04% to 97.23 \u00b1 1.15% and average pore sizes\u2014estimated via X-ray computed tomography (XCT) reconstruction and image analysis\u2014of hundreds of microns and an irregular shape with an aspect ratio that ranged from 0.70 \u00b1 0.19 to 0.80 \u00b1 0.15 as a function of the chitosan\/gelatin ratio. More interestingly, the addition of gelatin allowed us to modulate the mechanical properties, which gradually reduced the stiffness\u2014max strength from 0.634 \u00b1 0.015 MPa to 0.367 \u00b1 0.021 MPa\u2014and scaffold toughness\u2014from 46.2 kJ\/m3 to 14.0 kJ\/m3\u2014as the gelatin content increased. All these data fall into the typical ranges of the morphological and mechanical parameters of currently commercialized NGC products. Preliminary in vitro studies proved the ability of 3D porous tubes to support neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) adhesion and proliferation. In perspective, the proposed approach could also be easily implemented with the integration of other processing techniques (e.g., electrospinning) for the design of innovative bi-layered systems with an improved cell interface and molecular transport abilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16202893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1728909871000},"page":"2893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Easy-to-Handle Route for Bicomponent Porous Tubes Fabrication as Nerve Guide Conduits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9426-9542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7884-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Scialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"D\u2019Albore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iriczalli","family":"Cruz-Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Mostra d\u2019Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutzweiler, G., Ndreu Halili, A., and Engin Vrana, N. (2020). The Overview of Porous, Bioactive Scaffolds as Instructive Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Their Clinical Translation. 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