{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:35:04Z","timestamp":1791862504079,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["AA23062008-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA23062008-1"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["AA23062008-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA23062008-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, environmentally friendly flame retardants capable of efficient flame retardancy at low concentrations in wood were developed. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and guanidinium azole (GZ)-phytate (PA)-copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) flame-retardant resin coating blends were prepared using urea, formaldehyde, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (GZ), phytanic acid (PA), and copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2). Employing dioctyl phthalate as the plasticizer and tannic acid as the curing agent, a three-stage reaction was performed to obtain the desired UF-GZ\/PA\/Cu as a bio-based flame retardant. Thermal evaluations demonstrated that UF-GZ\/PA\/Cu lost 5% of its mass through decomposition at a temperature of 195.5 \u00b1 2.1 \u00b0C, with its maximum decomposition rate being observed at 300.6 \u00b1 1.5 \u00b0C, and 29.8 \u00b1 2.5 wt.% of dense residual charcoal being obtained at 800 \u00b0C. When applied as a flame retardant coating on wood, the prepared UF-GZ\/PA\/Cu exhibited excellent flame-retardant properties, forming a continuous dense charcoal residual layer, with a limiting oxygen index of 32.0%, and passing the UL-94 V-0 test. In addition, the heat release rate and total heat release rate of the flame retardant were determined to be reduced by 87.7 and 83.66%, respectively. Overall, this study provides a green and effective method for the preparation of flame-retardant wood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16233366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1733111457000},"page":"3366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preparation and Application of a Urea\u2013Formaldehyde-Blended Guanidinium Azole\u2013Phytic Acid\u2013Copper Flame-Retardant Resin Coating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xulan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Nanning Guitian Electronic Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9510-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanning Guitian Electronic Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanning Guitian Electronic Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjing","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Nanning Guitian Electronic Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuili","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130939","article-title":"Study on the preparation of flame retardant plywood by intercalation of phosphorus and nitrogen flame restardants modified with mg\/al-ldh","volume":"374","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. 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