{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:02Z","timestamp":1760146742403,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52103259","2023KJ276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52103259","2023KJ276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Team of Shandong Colleges and Universities: Flexible Sensing Materials and Devices","award":["52103259","2023KJ276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52103259","2023KJ276"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flexible sensing materials have become a hot topic due to their sensitive electrical response to external force or temperature and their promising applications in flexible wear and human\u2013machine interaction. In this study, a PDMS\/capillary GaInSn flexible sensing material with high force and thermal sensitivity was prepared utilizing liquid metal (LM, GaInSn), flexible silicone capillary, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resistance (R) of the flexible sensing materials under the action of different forces and temperatures was recorded in real-time. The electrical performance results confirmed that the R of the sensing material was responsive to temperature changes and increased with the increasing temperature, indicating its ability to transmit temperature signals into electrical signals. The R was also sensitive to the external force, such as cyclic stretching, cyclic compression, cyclic bending, impact and rolling. The \u0394R\/R0 changed periodically and stably with the cyclic stretching, cyclic compression and cyclic bending when the conductive pathway diameter was 0.5\u20131.0 mm, the cyclic tensile strain \u2264 20%, the cyclic tensile rate \u2264 2.0 mm\/min, the compression ratio \u2264 0.5, and the relative bending curvature \u2264 0.16. Moreover, the material exhibited sensitivity in detecting biological signals, such as the joint movements of the finger, wrist, elbow and the stand up-crouch motion. In conclusion, this work provides a method for preparing a sensing material with the capillary structure, which was confirmed to be sensitive to force and heat, and it produced different types of R signals under different deformations and different temperatures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16233426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T11:27:53Z","timestamp":1733398073000},"page":"3426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Flexible Sensing Material with High Force and Thermal Sensitivity Based on GaInSn in Capillary Embedded in PDMS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fandou","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengyao","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Donghong Pipe Industry Co., Ltd., Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhizhuang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Donghong Pipe Industry Co., Ltd., Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00500","article-title":"Flexible electronics toward wearable sensing","volume":"52","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. 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