{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:21:58Z","timestamp":1768274518484,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014CONICET","award":["PIP 112-202101-00663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 112-202101-00663"]}]},{"name":"Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires\u2014CICPBA (Argentina)","award":["PIP 112-202101-00663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 112-202101-00663"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Arte y Tecnolog\u00eda SECAT\u2014UNCPBA (Argentina)","award":["PIP 112-202101-00663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 112-202101-00663"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sensitivity of positron annihilation characteristics to changes in the molecular packing in network-forming polymers has been demonstrated since the early 1980s. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a unique technique that can provide direct information on the free volume in polymers through the experimental parameters of the free volume hole distribution, their mean value, and volume fraction. This knowledge is currently applied for PALS investigations on the main processes that govern the molecular organization in some green polymers when subjected to different synthesis procedures or environmental conditions (humidity, physical aging, temperature). In this article, which includes a wide repertoire of works published in the last two decades, results of PALS studies on eco-sustainable polymer systems based on starch, chitosan, or vegetable oils, are analyzed and discussed. Many examples are taken from the direct experience of the authors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16243611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1734945218000},"page":"3611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current Positron Studies on the Modifications of the Molecular Packing in Green-Based Polymers Through Changes in the Synthesis Procedures or Environmental Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3614-245X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Consolati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Via LaMasa, 34, 20156 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"INFN Milan, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Macchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Positron Group \u201cProf. Alfredo Dupasquier\u201d, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tandil Institute of Materials Physics (IFIMAT), National University of the Center of the Buenos Aires Province (UNCPBA), Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina"},{"name":"CIFICEN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil B7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0025-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Somoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Positron Group \u201cProf. Alfredo Dupasquier\u201d, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tandil Institute of Materials Physics (IFIMAT), National University of the Center of the Buenos Aires Province (UNCPBA), Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina"},{"name":"CIFICEN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil B7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hautojarvi, P. 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