{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:11:43Z","timestamp":1789233103861,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of 3D-printed and heat-polymerized denture materials. A total of 90 samples were prepared, with equal numbers of 3D-printed and heat-polymerized disks. The initial hardness, surface roughness, and color values of the samples were measured. After 14 days of immersion in distilled water, natural orange juice, or commercial orange juice, the measurements were repeated. Based on the findings, 3D-printed samples exhibited a greater reduction in Vickers hardness (56.24 \u00b1 15.81%) compared to heat-polymerized samples (18.93 \u00b1 11.41%). Materials immersed in commercial orange juice exhibited a greater reduction in hardness compared to those in other solutions (43.13 \u00b1 23.66). Surface roughness increased by 46.66 \u00b1 26.8% in heat-polymerized samples and by 26.16 \u00b1 20.78% in 3D-printed samples, with the highest increase observed in commercial orange juice (50.73 \u00b1 28.8%) (p &lt; 0.001). The color change (\u0394E) was significantly higher in heat-polymerized samples (\u0394E = 5.05 \u00b1 0.28) than in 3D-printed samples (\u0394E = 3.9 \u00b1 0.26) (p &lt; 0.001). This study demonstrates that the material type and immersion solutions play a critical role in determining the mechanical and optical properties of denture materials, with commercial orange juice having the most pronounced effect on surface roughness and hardness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1735654872000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Orange Juice on the Properties of Heat-Polymerized and 3D-Printed Denture Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"B\u00fc\u015fra","family":"Tosun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant \u0130zzet Baysal, 14030 Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant \u0130zzet Baysal, 14030 Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5426-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant \u0130zzet Baysal, 14030 Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.15644\/asc53\/2\/8","article-title":"A comparison of the color stability of conventional and CAD\/CAM polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials","volume":"53","author":"Dayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13246","article-title":"CAD\/CAM complete denture resins: An in vitro evaluation of color stability","volume":"30","author":"Gruber","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90213-T","article-title":"Color stability of long-term soft denture liners","volume":"68","author":"Shotwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90290-Q","article-title":"Denture base resins: Comparison study of color stability","volume":"68","author":"May","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"377","article-title":"Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea","volume":"22","author":"Um","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(99)80001-8","article-title":"Color stability of denture base acrylic resins in three food colorants","volume":"81","author":"Hersek","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0246","article-title":"The effect of surface finishing and storage solutions on the color stability of resin-based composites","volume":"135","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.10.018","article-title":"Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials","volume":"33","author":"Bagheri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(09)60032-9","article-title":"Influence of denture cleansers on the color stability of three types of denture base acrylic resin","volume":"101","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"20","article-title":"Consumption patterns and demographic factors influence on fruit juice classifications, health benefits and sugar content perceptions in two Municipal Districts in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa","volume":"31","author":"Duffett","year":"2018","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7406506","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7406506","article-title":"Determination and comparative study of sugars and synthetic colorants in commercial branded fruit juice products","volume":"2020","author":"Sewwandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-6816.174336","article-title":"Color stability of nano-filled, micro-hybrid, and silorane-based dental composite resin materials","volume":"3","author":"ALShetili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.137640","article-title":"The effect of drinks on color stability and surface roughness of nanocomposites","volume":"8","author":"Meireles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2004.tb00056.x","article-title":"Effect of bleaching and repolishing procedures on coffee and tea stain removal from three anterior composite veneering materials","volume":"16","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01338.x","article-title":"The effects of surface roughness and type of denture acrylic on biofilm formation by Streptococcus oralis in a constant depth film fermentor","volume":"91","author":"Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411990100010501","article-title":"Denture plaque and adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials in vivo and in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Radford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(97)70126-4","article-title":"The effects of surface machining on heat cured acrylic resin and two soft denture base materials: A scanning electron microscope and confocal microscope evaluation","volume":"78","author":"Radford","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.10.020","article-title":"Hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resins after disinfection and long-term water immersion","volume":"93","author":"Neppelenbroek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(09)60120-7","article-title":"Hardness and surface roughness of reline and denture base acrylic resins after repeated disinfection procedures","volume":"102","author":"Machado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2003.01145.x","article-title":"The effect of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth","volume":"30","author":"Pavarina","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2015.914","article-title":"3D printing in dentistry","volume":"219","author":"Dawood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.09.018","article-title":"3D printing with polymers: Challenges among expanding options and opportunities","volume":"32","author":"Stansbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hada, T., Kanazawa, M., Iwaki, M., Arakida, T., Soeda, Y., Katheng, A., Otake, R., and Minakuchi, S. (2020). Effect of printing direction on the accuracy of 3D-printed dentures using stereolithography technology. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153405"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"407","article-title":"CAD\/CAM complete dentures: A review of two commercial fabrication systems","volume":"41","author":"Kattadiyil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Calif. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Ahmad, R., Suenaga, H., Li, W., Sasaki, K., Swain, M., and Li, Q. (2015). Shape optimization for additive manufacturing of removable partial dentures-a new paradigm for prosthetic CAD\/CAM. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132552"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.12.002","article-title":"Effects of build direction on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed complete coverage interim dental restorations","volume":"115","author":"Alharbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siqueira, J.R.C.d.S., Rodriguez, R.M.M., Campos, T.M.B., Ramos, N.d.C., Bottino, M.A., and Tribst, J.P.M. (2024). Characterization of Microstructure, Optical Properties, and Mechanical Behavior of a Temporary 3D Printing Resin: Impact of Post-Curing Time. Materials, 17.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202401.1907.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, M., Radomski, K., Lopez, D., Liu, J.T., Lee, J.D., and Lee, S.J. (2023). Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent. J., 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.1965.v1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellakany, P., Madi, M., Aly, N.M., Alshehri, T., Alameer, S.T., and Al-Harbi, F.A. (2023). Influences of different CAD\/CAM ceramic compositions and thicknesses on the mechanical properties of ceramic restorations: An in vitro study. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16020646"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, M.-S., Choi, Y.-S., Lee, H.-H., Lee, J.-H., and Ahn, J. (2021). Comparison of mechanical properties of chairside CAD\/CAM restorations fabricated using a standardization method. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14113115"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2341\/22-098-L","article-title":"Optical and mechanical properties of new ceramic CAD\/CAM materials","volume":"48","author":"Reid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2005.05.004","article-title":"Effects of different drinks on stainability of resin composite provisional restorative materials","volume":"94","author":"Guler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/col.1049","article-title":"The development of the CIE 2000 colour-difference formula: CIEDE2000","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Color Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"213","article-title":"Influence of different beverages on the microhardness and surface roughness of resin composites","volume":"30","author":"Badra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13175","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical properties of 3D-printed, CAD\/CAM, and conventional denture base materials","volume":"29","author":"Schauperl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13491","article-title":"A comparison of the surface and mechanical properties of 3D printable denture-base resin material and conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)","volume":"32","author":"Baba","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_20_20","article-title":"Effect of novel cycloaliphatic comonomer on surface roughness and surface hardness of heat-cure denture base resin","volume":"12","author":"Ajay","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12801","article-title":"Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: Current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Characterization of the double bond conversion of acrylic resins for 3D printing of dental prostheses","volume":"40","author":"Bowman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D., Shim, J.-S., Lee, D., Shin, S.-H., Nam, N.-E., Park, K.-H., Shim, J.-S., and Kim, J.-E. (2020). Effects of post-curing time on the mechanical and color properties of three-dimensional printed crown and bridge materials. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112762"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.10.011","article-title":"Effect of post-curing light exposure time on the physico\u2013mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of 3D-printed denture base material","volume":"38","author":"Aati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2017.9.5.402","article-title":"Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A comparison of conventional and CAD\/CAM complete dentures","volume":"9","author":"Albarrag","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125401","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ac406e","article-title":"Thermal-cycling, simulated brushing, and beverages induced color changes and roughness of CAD\/CAM poly (methyl methacrylate) denture resins","volume":"8","author":"Labban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2012.02.006","article-title":"The effect of antifungal agents on surface properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) and its relation to adherence of Candida albicans","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.06.006","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical properties, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerizing denture base materials","volume":"130","author":"Falahchai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_21_00116","article-title":"Comparison of the flexural and surface properties of milled, 3D-printed, and heat polymerized PMMA resins for denture bases: An in vitro study","volume":"66","author":"Meneghello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(99)70273-8","article-title":"Effect of processing method on the dimensional accuracy and water sorption of acrylic resin dentures","volume":"81","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"136","article-title":"Roughness of denture materials: A comparative study","volume":"13","author":"Zissis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb01765.x","article-title":"The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supra-and subgingival plaque formation in man: A review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Quirynen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"308","article-title":"In vitro Candida colonization on acrylic resins and denture liners: Influence of surface free energy, roughness, saliva, and adhering bacteria","volume":"20","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.12.010","article-title":"Ageing and moisture uptake in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements","volume":"32","author":"Ayre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, S.C., Bandeca, M.C., Silva, C.N., Cavassim, R., Borges, A.H., and Sampaio, J.E. (2013). Erosive potential of energy drinks on the dentine surface. BMC Res. Notes, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-67"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922010000600012","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of sports drinks","volume":"16","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Med. Esporte"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.2.55","article-title":"Effect of acidic beverages on surface roughness and color stability of artificial teeth and acrylic resin","volume":"12","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2000.tb00232.x","article-title":"Color stability of compomer after immersion in various media","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"8941876","article-title":"The influence of saliva pH on the fracture resistance of three complete denture base acrylic resins","volume":"2020","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"197","article-title":"Influ\u00eancia da saliva na estomatite prot\u00e9tica","volume":"47","author":"Figueiral","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Estomatol. Med. Dent. Cir. Maxilofac."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.231863","article-title":"Microhardness of different esthetic restorative materials: Evaluation and comparison after exposure to acidic drink","volume":"15","author":"Poggio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.12.001","article-title":"Hardness and surface roughness of differently processed denture base acrylic resins after immersion in simulated gastric acid","volume":"129","author":"Tinastepe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"945","article-title":"A comparative study of the nutritional quality of freshly extracted juices from organic versus conventional orange and apple fruits","volume":"4","author":"Aidoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"EC Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2019.11.1.32","article-title":"Physical properties and color stability of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2021.13.3.160","article-title":"Color stability of 3D-printed denture resins: Effect of aging, mechanical brushing and immersion in staining medium","volume":"13","author":"Alfouzan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2002.121743","article-title":"The effect of water storage and light exposure on the color and translucency of a hybrid and a microfilled composite","volume":"87","author":"Buchalla","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12136","article-title":"Effect of toothbrushing on color changes of esthetic restorative materials","volume":"27","author":"Bezgin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2011.00442.x","article-title":"Color stability of ten resin-based restorative materials","volume":"24","author":"Sabatini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(97)80017-6","article-title":"Color and translucency changes during and after curing of esthetic restorative materials","volume":"13","author":"Johnston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(05)80044-2","article-title":"Colorimetric changes in composites resulting from visible-light-initiated polymerization","volume":"6","author":"Seghi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(99)00034-2","article-title":"Effect of storage media on the fluoride release and surface microhardness of four polyacid-modified composite resins (\u201ccompomers\u201d)","volume":"15","author":"Geurtsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"91","article-title":"The effects of mouthwashes on the color stability of resin-based restorative materials","volume":"23","author":"Aksu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Odovtos-Int. J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-018-0341-0","article-title":"Effect of mouthwashes on the discolouration of restorative materials commonly used in paediatric dentistry","volume":"19","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00521-5","article-title":"Water absorption of poly (methyl methacrylate) containing 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride","volume":"24","author":"Unemori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00660933","article-title":"Structure-properties relationships for densely cross-linked epoxide-amine systems based on epoxide or amine mixtures: Part 2 water absorption and diffusion","volume":"24","author":"Bellenger","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"411","article-title":"Determination of organic acids in natural and commercial orange juices by HPLC\/DAD","volume":"45","author":"Kalkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hacet. J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_592_18","article-title":"Color stability, roughness, and water sorption\/solubility of glass ionomer\u2013Based restorative materials","volume":"22","author":"Savas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/1\/56\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1760115354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/1\/56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17010056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17010056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]}}}