{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:06:46Z","timestamp":1789585606400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University-level Key Project of Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","award":["24KJZD-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJZD-03"]}]},{"name":"University-level Key Project of Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","award":["2023ZDZX4061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDZX4061"]}]},{"name":"University-level Key Project of Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","award":["241219090099712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241219090099712"]}]},{"name":"University-level Key Project of Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","award":["[2021]31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2021]31"]}]},{"name":"University-level Key Project of Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","award":["202310580017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310580017"]}]},{"name":"Special Innovation Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["24KJZD-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJZD-03"]}]},{"name":"Special Innovation Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["2023ZDZX4061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDZX4061"]}]},{"name":"Special Innovation Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["241219090099712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241219090099712"]}]},{"name":"Special Innovation Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["[2021]31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2021]31"]}]},{"name":"Special Innovation Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["202310580017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310580017"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing City Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project","award":["24KJZD-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJZD-03"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing City Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project","award":["2023ZDZX4061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDZX4061"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing City Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project","award":["241219090099712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241219090099712"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing City Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project","award":["[2021]31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2021]31"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing City Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project","award":["202310580017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310580017"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing University Innovation Research Team Project","award":["24KJZD-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJZD-03"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing University Innovation Research Team Project","award":["2023ZDZX4061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDZX4061"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing University Innovation Research Team Project","award":["241219090099712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241219090099712"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing University Innovation Research Team Project","award":["[2021]31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2021]31"]}]},{"name":"Zhaoqing University Innovation Research Team Project","award":["202310580017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310580017"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["24KJZD-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJZD-03"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2023ZDZX4061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDZX4061"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["241219090099712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241219090099712"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["[2021]31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2021]31"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["202310580017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310580017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, magnetic carbon nanopolymers (Fe3O4\/C@PM) were synthesized by suspension polymerization using magnetic carbon nanoparticles as the matrix, 2-thiophene formaldehyde and acrylamide as the monomers, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinking agent. The obtained material was characterized using multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption\u2013desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption effects of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ in the mixed solution were evaluated using magnetic carbon nanoparticles (Fe3O4\/C) and Fe3O4\/C@PM as adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and cyclic regeneration of various metal ions, including Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, were studied. The results showed that the Fe3O4\/C@PM maintained a slightly aggregated spherical morphology similar to Fe3O4\/C and exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for all of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, with maximum adsorption capacities of 343.3, 250.7, and 177.6 mg\u00b7g\u22121, respectively. The adsorption mechanisms were mainly based on the chemical interactions between metal ions and functional groups on the surface of polymers. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. When Fe3O4\/C@PM was reused five times, its adsorption rates for Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ remained above 81%, indicating its great potential for the treatment of wastewater containing Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17030257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T04:19:51Z","timestamp":1737433191000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Magnetic Carbon Porous Polymer Prepared from a New Suspended Emulsion for the Absorption of Heavy Metal Ions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shoulian","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts, Zhaoqing 526631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts, Zhaoqing 526631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Studies and Low-Carbon Agriculture in Peri-Urban Areas, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangfei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Studies and Low-Carbon Agriculture in Peri-Urban Areas, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jibo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Studies and Low-Carbon Agriculture in Peri-Urban Areas, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131245","article-title":"Industrial wastewater treatment: Current trends, bottlenecks, and best practices","volume":"285","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-021-00127-0","article-title":"Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: A comprehensive and critical review","volume":"4","author":"Qasem","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Clean Water"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.04.010","article-title":"Disease-associated metabolic pathways affected by heavy metals and metalloid","volume":"10","author":"Haidar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-019-00193-5","article-title":"Exposure routes and health effects of heavy metals on children","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-021-05525-7","article-title":"Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation: Mechanisms and Sludge Characterization","volume":"47","author":"Benalia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2017.05.156","article-title":"Electrochemical treatment of wastewater: Selectivity of the heavy metals removal process","volume":"42","author":"Tran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118888","article-title":"Removing miscellaneous heavy metals by all-in-one ion exchange-nanofiltration membrane","volume":"222","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127004","article-title":"Metal-organic framework membranes: Recent development in the synthesis strategies and their application in oil-water separation","volume":"405","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.03.582","article-title":"Adsorptive membrane for heavy metal removal: Material, fabrication, and performance","volume":"65","author":"Fadila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134788","article-title":"Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: An eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach","volume":"303","author":"Bhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.12.010","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks for heavy metal removal from water","volume":"358","author":"Kobielska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.07.070","article-title":"TiO2\/porous adsorbents: Recent advances and novel applications","volume":"341","author":"MiarAlipour","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.01.064","article-title":"A review on heavy metal ions adsorption from water by graphene oxide and its composites","volume":"230","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-019-3211-7","article-title":"Utilization of carbon nanotubes in removal of heavy metals from wastewater: A review of the CNTs\u2019 potential and current challenges","volume":"126","author":"Bassyouni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2021.105081","article-title":"Biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal: A review","volume":"155","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"31","article-title":"Progress in Preparation and Application of Modified Biochar for Improving Heavy Metal Ion Removal From Wastewater","volume":"4","author":"Godwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bioresour. Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107393","article-title":"Modified-biochar adsorbents (MBAs) for heavy-metal ions adsorption: A critical review","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5865","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-023-05444-0","article-title":"Magnetic-based adsorbing platforms for water and wastewater purification","volume":"21","author":"Jacinto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24342","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08711-6","article-title":"Magnetic nanoadsorbents\u2019 potential route for heavy metals removal\u2014A review","volume":"27","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17512","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c02677","article-title":"Acoustic-Dependent Enhanced Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials for Purification of Chromium Containing Water","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142732","article-title":"Efficient removal of Chromium(VI) from wastewater based on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes coupled with deep eutectic solvents","volume":"362","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervera-Gabalda, L., and G\u00f3mez-Polo, C. (2023). Magnetic carbon Fe3O4 nanocomposites synthesized via Magnetic Induction Heating. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34387-2"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.128887","article-title":"Highly efficient and selective removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions based on magnetic graphitic carbon nitride materials with molecularly imprinted polymers","volume":"1221","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104693","article-title":"Magnetic monolithic polymers prepared from high internal phase emulsions and Fe3O4 triazole-functionalized nanoparticles for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal","volume":"155","author":"Mokadem","year":"2020","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.08.157","article-title":"Monolithic supermacroporous hydrogel prepared from high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) for fast removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+","volume":"284","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.09.027","article-title":"Polymerization induced shaping of Pickering emulsion droplets: From simple hollow microspheres to molecularly imprinted multicore microrattles","volume":"332","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.07.106","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of pyridoxal using a sonoelectrochemical prepared highly-oxidized carbon nanosheets modified electrode","volume":"274","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202019405022","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of floating porous graphite carbon monoliths produced from biomass and its application","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e00947","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and evaluation of a styrene-based molecularly imprinted polymer for capturing pyridine and pyrrole from crude oil","volume":"13","author":"Awokoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.01.096","article-title":"Ca(II) imprinted chitosan microspheres: An effective and green adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions","volume":"244","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.02.086","article-title":"Chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymers and their sorption properties","volume":"109","author":"Poon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2017.03.013","article-title":"Amino-functionalized magnetic bacterial cellulose\/activated carbon composite for Pb2+ and methyl orange sorption from aqueous solution","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201301500","article-title":"Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles Modified with \u2013SO3H and \u2013COOH Groups for Fast Removal of Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ Ions","volume":"2014","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35204","article-title":"Polymer-assisted synthesis of ternary magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite for the adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions","volume":"10","author":"Manzoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habila, M.A., ALOthman, Z.A., El-Toni, A.M., Labis, J.P., Khan, A., Al-Marghany, A., and Elafifi, H.E. (2017). One-Step Carbon Coating and Polyacrylamide Functionalization of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Enhancing Magnetic Adsorptive-Remediation of Heavy Metals. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22122074"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134751","article-title":"A facile approach for grafting ion imprinted polymer onto magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for selective removal and preconcentration of cadmium in food and wastewater samples prior to atomic spectrometric determination","volume":"405","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/257\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:32:31Z","timestamp":1759919551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17030257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17030257","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]}}}