{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:19:19Z","timestamp":1792545559831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qassim University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focused on the synthesis, properties, and antibiological activity of NiO nanoparticles derived from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminobenzoic acid (P-ABA) derivatives by calcination method. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective method that involved the thermal decomposition of PVA and the incorporation of aminobenzoic acid. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Kinetic analysis, and the thermal properties of nickel(II) metal complex in dynamic air were analyzed via TG and DTG. The kinetic analyses and thermodynamic parameters (\u2206H*, \u2206G*, and \u2206S*) for this compound were calculated by the Coats\u2013Redfern and Horowitz\u2013Metzger methods. The obtained kinetic parameters displayed the kinetic compensation effect. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and (FT-IR) were employed to confirm the formation, morphology, and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The results indicated the successful synthesis of NiO nanoparticles with distinct crystalline phases and difference distributions. XRD confirmed that the resulting oxide was pure single-crystalline NiO nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the crystallite size of nickel oxide nano-crystals was in the range of 26\u201336 nm. The magnetic moment was 2.59 B.M for Ni(II) complex. The antibiological activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against bacterial strains, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The findings revealed significant antimicrobial properties, with the NiO nanoparticles demonstrating higher inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains. This study highlights the potential of PVA and aminobenzoic acid derivatives as effective precursors for producing metal oxide nanoparticles with promising applications in antimicrobial treatments and materials science.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17030301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1737611394000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Coordination Polymer of PVA and Aminobenzoic Acid Derivative: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maged S.","family":"Al-Fakeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roaa","family":"O. Alsaedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Aldoghaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed B. M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7794939","article-title":"Nd2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 Nanoparticles via Calcination: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities","volume":"2022","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2013.04.145","article-title":"Plasmonic transparent conducting metal oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticle films for optical sensing applications","volume":"539","author":"Ohodnicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thin Solid Film"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2019.1554647","article-title":"Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery: Applications and characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Vangijzegem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fakeh, M.S., Saleh, E.E., and Alresheedi, F. (2023). Synthesis of Novel Li2O-CuO-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glasses for Radiation Protection: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorganics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics11010027"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2017.03.003","article-title":"Perovskite oxides applications in high temperature oxygen separation, solid oxide fuel cell and membrane reactor: A review","volume":"61","author":"Sunarso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0675-0","article-title":"Magnetic particles for the separation and purification of nucleic Acids","volume":"73","author":"Berensmeier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2024.101840","article-title":"Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ZnO, PbO, and Al2O3 NPs obtained by calcining new coordination polymers","volume":"11","author":"Alrasheedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2012.746402","article-title":"Development of Gentamicin-gold Nanospheres for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery to Staphylococcal Infected Foci","volume":"20","author":"Ahangari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065389","article-title":"Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future","volume":"294","author":"Wolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2020.107867","article-title":"Effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst in dyes degradation and evaluation of effective parameters in their removal from aqueous environments","volume":"115","author":"Akbari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2021.111305","article-title":"Electrospinning fabrication of nickel oxide fibers: Whole powder pattern modeling (WPPM) approach, morphology, optical and magnetic properties","volume":"140","author":"Khalilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02597","article-title":"Facile synthesis and hierarchical assembly of flowerlike NiO structures with enhanced dielectric and microwave absorption properties","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Kadhi, N.S., Hefnawy, M.A., Alamro, F.S., Pashameah, R.A., Ahmed, H.A., and Medany, S.S. (2023). Polyaniline-supported nickel oxide flower for efficient nitrite electrochemical detection in water. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071804"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.166433","article-title":"Structural, magnetic, photocatalytic, and electrochemical studies of the mesoporous Nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures","volume":"231","author":"Vyas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2020.109488","article-title":"Investigating the structural, electrochemical, and optical properties of p-type spherical nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles","volume":"144","author":"Goel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, C., Lin, C., and Liu, Y. (2020). Increasing the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Adding Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles to Titanium Dioxide Working Electrodes. Coating, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10020195"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fakeh, M.S., Alsaedi, R.O., Amiri, N., and Allazzam, G.A. (2022). Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial of MnO and CdO nanoparticles by using a calcination method. Coatings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12020215"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"19","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of Cu (II) and Cd (II) with polyvinyl alcohol and studied of electrical and optical properties","volume":"6","author":"Abdullh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.028","article-title":"Effect of Fe nanoparticles on the structure and optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films","volume":"519","author":"Soliman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-007-0038-1","article-title":"Thermal and IR. Studies on copper doped Poly vinyl alcohol","volume":"30","author":"Raju","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.15.54","article-title":"The simultaneous detection and quantification of p-aminobenzoic acid and its phase 2 biotransformation metabolites in human urine using LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"7","author":"Nortje","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.04.003","article-title":"Usefulnessofliquid-crystal oral formulations to enhance the bioavailability and skin tissue targeting of p-aminobenzoic acid as a model compound","volume":"88","author":"Kadhum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2020.22767","article-title":"Synthesis and properties of two Fe (III) coordination polymers based on 2-amino-4-methylthiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and aromatic polycarboxylate","volume":"32","author":"Amiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Ghoul, Y., Al-Fakeh, M.S., and Al-Subaie, N.S. (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of a New Alginate\/Carrageenan Crosslinked Biopolymer and Study of the Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Performance of Its Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Polymeric Complexes. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15112511"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100761","article-title":"Temperature effect on CuO nanoparticles: Antimicrobial activity towards bacterial strains","volume":"21","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Interface"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127266","article-title":"Elucidating the catalytic degradation of enrofloxacin by copper oxide nanoparticles through the identification of the reactive oxygen species","volume":"258","author":"Dror","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"012048","article-title":"Poly(vinylalcohol)\/glutaraldehyde\/Premna oblongifolia merr extract hydrogel for controlled-release and water absorption application","volume":"509","author":"Hendrawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"168","article-title":"IR Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Thermal Analysis Studies of Solid \u201c\u03b2-Cyclodextrin\u2014Para-Aminobenzoic Acid\u201d Inclusion Complex","volume":"12","author":"Roik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Solid State"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"6625216","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of CoO Nanoparticles from a Co (II) Complex Derived from Polyvinyl Alcohol and Aminobenzoic Acid Derivative","volume":"2021","author":"Alsaedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.17628\/ecb.2020.9.403-409","article-title":"Synthesis, thermal stability and kinetic studies of copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes derived from 4-aminobenzohydrazide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Chem. Bull."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"77","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Coordination Polymers of 1,3-Di(4- Pyridyl)-Propane And 2-Aminobenzothiazole with Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fakeh, M.S., Allazzam, G.A., and Yarkandi, N.H. (2021). Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II) Metal Complexes Containing 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and Pyridine Derivative: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity. Int. J. Biomater., 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4981367"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20170987","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5373-mr-2017-0987","article-title":"Structural, Optical and Thermal Characterizations of PVA\/MAA:EA Polyblend Films","volume":"21","author":"Siddaiah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012034","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/712\/1\/012034","article-title":"The Structure of P-Aminobenzoic Acid in Water: Studies Combining UV-Vis, NEXAFS and RIXS Spectroscopies","volume":"712","author":"Gainar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"321","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of NiO nanoparticles from a Ni (II) complex derived from chitosan and pyridine derivative","volume":"53","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Some Metal(II) Complexes of Mixed Ligands-Riboflavin and 4-Aminobenzoic Acid","volume":"4","author":"Agbaje","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Rev. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/201068a0","article-title":"Kinetic Parameters from Thermogravimetric Data","volume":"201","author":"Coats","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60203a013","article-title":"A New Analysis of Thermogravimetric Traces","volume":"35","author":"Horowitz","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Klug, H., and Alexander, L. (1954). X-Ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fakeh, M.S., Messaoudi, S., Alresheedi, F.I., Albadri, A.E., El-Sayed, W.A., and Saleh, E.E. (2023). Preparation, characterization, DFT calculations, antibacterial and molecular docking study of Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) mixed ligand complexes. Crystals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13010118"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Chen, Q., Zhao, J., and Urmila, K. (2015). Enhancing the antimicrobial activity of natural extraction using the synthetic ultrasmall metal nanoparticles. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11033"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410423","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/410423","article-title":"The interaction of bacteria with engineered nanostructured polymeric materials: A review","volume":"2014","author":"Armentano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1282","article-title":"Nanoparticle approaches against bacterial infections","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wires Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR00202A","article-title":"Complete wetting of graphene by biological lipids","volume":"8","author":"Luan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085102","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/8\/085102","article-title":"Food storage material silver nanoparticles interfere with DNA replication fidelity and bind with DNA","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/301\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:34:27Z","timestamp":1759919667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17030301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17030301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}}}