{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:05:39Z","timestamp":1767211539136,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12102198","JSSCBS20220332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12102198","JSSCBS20220332"]}]},{"name":"Doctor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Jiangsu Province of China","award":["12102198","JSSCBS20220332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12102198","JSSCBS20220332"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heavy metal powders driven by explosions can enhance the near-field lethality of explosive warheads by forming a quasi-pressure field while reducing collateral damage at medium and long ranges. Incorporating polymers into high-content metal powders prevents powder sintering under explosive high pressure, enhancing dispersion uniformity and making them promising for controllable warhead applications. To describe the mechanical behavior of materials under impact loading, this paper investigates the dynamic and static mechanical properties and constitutive modeling of tungsten powder\/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites. Quasi-static compression tests and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) dynamic tests were conducted on composites with varying tungsten contents (0 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, and 90 wt%) and particle sizes (200 \u03bcm, 400 \u03bcm, and 600 \u03bcm), obtaining compressive stress\u2013strain curves over a strain rate range of 0.001 to 3610 s\u22121. The compressive strength of the composites slightly decreased with increasing tungsten particle size but increased with higher tungsten content. Under quasi-static compression, the compressive strength of the composites with 70 wt% and 80 wt% tungsten was lower than that of pure PTFE. This was due to the bonding strength between the tungsten particles and the resin being weaker than the cohesion within the resin. Additionally, the random distribution of the tungsten particles in the matrix led to shear cracks propagating along the phase interfaces, reducing the compressive strength. The compressive strength of the composites with 90 wt% tungsten exceeded that of pure PTFE, as the packed arrangement of the tungsten particles increased the material strength through particle extrusion and friction during compression. Under dynamic impact, the compressive strength of the composites was higher than that of pure PTFE, primarily due to particle extrusion and friction effects. The composites exhibited significant strain rate sensitivity, with both the compressive strength and critical strain increasing quasi-linearly with the strain rate. Based on the experimental data, a damage-modified Zhu\u2013Wang\u2013Tang (ZWT) viscoelastic model was employed to fit the data, effectively characterizing the uniaxial compressive constitutive behavior of tungsten powder\/PTFE composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17030323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T06:39:51Z","timestamp":1737959991000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of High-Mass-Fraction Pressed Tungsten Powder\/Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weihang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bihui","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baskin, T.W., and Holcomb, J.B. 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