{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:55:22Z","timestamp":1791910522207,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China postdoctoral science foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M683705XB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M683705XB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cross-linked polyethylene power cables are widely used in high-voltage DC transmission lines, owing to their good dielectric and physical\u2013chemical properties. However, the production process of XLPE involves cross-linking and degassing, in which the cross-linking process produces a variety of cross-linking by-products, and the changes in the properties of the cable insulation caused by the degassing process are not well understood. XLPE samples were degassed at 90 \u00b0C for 7 and 14 days in this paper, and the main by-products were found to be \u03b1-methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol, the contents of which all declined after the degassing treatment. The results show that the space charge density, the leakage current under a high electric field at different temperatures, and the breakdown strength of the XLPE samples all decreased after the degassing treatment. On the other hand, the XLPE sample after 7 days\u2019 degassing had the lowest conductivity and the highest conductance activation, and the space charge density and the charge decay rate as well as the breakdown strength after 7 days\u2019 degassing differed little from the 14-day treated sample, demonstrating that the 7-day degassing treatment at 90 \u00b0C would be enough to achieve superior performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17030431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T11:32:32Z","timestamp":1738841552000},"page":"431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Degassing Treatment on the Dielectric Properties of XLPE Insulation Used in High-Voltage DC Power Cables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Research Institute, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Yangzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingjun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2003.1178104","article-title":"A general review of polymeric insulation for use in HVDC cables","volume":"10","author":"Hanley","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2023.3335189","article-title":"Space Charge and Electric Field Dependent on Polarity Reversal of HVDC Cable Insulation","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2022.3221923","article-title":"Enhancement in Electrical Properties of Impact Polypropylene Copolymer for Cable Insulation Induced by Rapid Cooling","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Ding, M., He, W., and Chen, Z. (2023, January 17). The Space Charge Characteristic of Cross-Linking Polyethylene Insulation of High Voltage DC Cables on Different Voltage Levels Under Temperature Gradient. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-0451-8_138"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2020.8932974","article-title":"Modeling for life estimation of HVDC cable insulation based on small-size specimens","volume":"36","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, W., Tang, J., Pan, C., Meng, G., and Zhang, M. (2019). Improvement of insulation defect identification for DC XLPE cable by considering PD aging. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 114.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.105409"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2006.253416","article-title":"The role of degassing in XLPE power cable manufacture","volume":"22","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"344","article-title":"Application and Research Progress of HVDC XLPE Cables","volume":"43","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"663","article-title":"Effect of Degassing Treatment on Breakdown Strength in Direct Current Cable Insulation","volume":"40","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1577","article-title":"Prospect on Key Technology of the XLPE Insulation Materials and HVDC Cables","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"31","article-title":"Influence of Crosslinking by-products on Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of XLPE Cable Insulation","volume":"48","author":"Ouyang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insul. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Investigation of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Undegassed XLPE Cable with Thermal Treatment","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"3645","article-title":"Effect of Degassing Treatment on 500kV XLPE Insulation Characteristics and Aggregation Structure","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"513","article-title":"Application of Isothermal Relaxation Current Technique in Condition Assessment for XLPE HVAC Cables","volume":"42","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2007.302872","article-title":"Influence of thermal treatment and residues on space charge accumulation in XLPE for DC power cable application","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Chen, M. (2021). Study on Quantitative Characterization on Parameters for the Effect of Cross-Linked By-Products on Space Charge in XLPE Cables. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University]."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effect of Degassing on Space Charge Properties of 525 kV XLPE Insulated DC Cable","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"South. Power Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Kong, X. (2023). Research on the Influence of Crosslinking Agent and Antioxidant on the Performance of XLPE Insulation Materials. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Harbin University of Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effect of Degassing Time on Aggregation Structure and Chain Structure of XLPE Cable Insulation Material","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Jiaotong Univ."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"730","article-title":"Effect of Degassing Treatments on Insulation Characteristics of High Voltage DC Cables","volume":"36","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. China Electrotech. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"13","article-title":"Study on Difference in Micro-structure of XLPE Cable Insulation Materials with Different Cross-linking Processes","volume":"52","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insul. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"2123","article-title":"Influence of Aging Mode on Space Charge Distribution of AC XLPE Cable","volume":"38","author":"Ouyang","year":"2012","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104344","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2927882","article-title":"Annealing Effects on XLPE Insulation of Retired High-Voltage Cable","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Wu, J. (2013). Charge Transport Investigation in Low-Density Polyethylene\/Silica Nanocomposite Based on Experiment and Numerical Simulation. [Ph.D. Thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1109\/94.848908","article-title":"Evaluation of dc insulation performance based on space-charge measurements and accelerated life tests","volume":"7","author":"Montanari","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1685","article-title":"Effect of Degassing Time on Initiation and Growth Characteristics of Electrical Tree in XLPE","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2014). Power Cables with Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulation and Their Accessories for Rated Voltage of 110 kV (Um = 126 kV). Part 1: Test Methods and Requirements. Standard No. GB\/T 11017.1-2014."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2008). Common Test Methods for Insulating and Sheathing Materials of Electric and Optical Cables\u2014Part 12: Methods for General Application\u2014Thermal Ageing Methods. Standard No. GB\/T 2951.12-2008."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/431\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:28:22Z","timestamp":1760027302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/3\/431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17030431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17030431","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]}}}