{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1762522971534,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCYT)","award":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"]}]},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores","award":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"]}]},{"name":"CONAHCYT for the scholarship","award":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"]}]},{"name":"European Fund","award":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science","award":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-2233","SNI 2","782319","101103234","PID2023-147542OB-I00","CPP2023-010769"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aliphatic unsegmented polyurethanes (PUs) have garnered relatively limited attention in the literature, despite their valuable properties such as UV resistance and biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This study focuses on synthesizing poly(ester-urethanes) (PEUs) using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and the macrodiol \u03b1,\u03c9-hydroxy telechelic poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (HOPCLOH). To optimize the synthesis, a statistical experimental design approach was employed, a methodology not commonly utilized in polymer science. The influence of reaction temperature, time, reagent concentrations, and solvent type on the resulting PEUs was investigated. Characterization techniques included FT-IR, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), optical microscopy, and mechanical testing. The results demonstrated that all factors significantly impacted the number-average molecular weight (Mn) as determined by GPC. Furthermore, the statistical design revealed crucial interaction effects between factors, such as a dependence between reaction time and temperature. For example, a fixed reaction time of 1 h, with the temperature varying from 50 \u00b0C to 61 \u00b0C, did not significantly alter Mn. Better reaction conditions yielded high Mn (average: 162,000 g\/mol), desirable mechanical properties (elongation at break &gt; 1000%), low levels of unreacted HOPCLOH in the PEU films (OH\/ESTER response = 0.0008), and reduced crystallinity (\u0394Hm = 11 J\/g) in the soft segment, as observed by DSC and optical microscopy. In contrast, suboptimal conditions resulted in low Mn, brittle materials with unmeasurable mechanical properties, high crystallinity, and significant amounts of residual HOPCLOH. The best experimental conditions were 61 \u00b0C, 0.176 molal, 8 h, and chloroform as the solvent (\u03b5 = 4.8).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17050668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T04:10:42Z","timestamp":1740975042000},"page":"668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Design (24) to Improve the Reaction Conditions of Non-Segmented Poly(ester-urethanes) (PEUs) Derived from \u03b1,\u03c9-Hydroxy Telechelic Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (HOPCLOH)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Maldonado-Estudillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato (UG), Noria Alta S\/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6592-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Navarro Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de Pol\u00edmeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Marcos-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de Pol\u00edmeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5395-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores de Dios","family":"Caputto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de Pol\u00edmeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Cruz-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmacy, University of Guanajuato (UG), Noria Alta S\/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"B\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato (UG), Noria Alta S\/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonnenschein, M.F. 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