{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:45:11Z","timestamp":1788810311999,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"University of Santiago de Chile","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"CEDENNA","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"CEDENNA","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"CEDENNA","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"CEDENNA","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"CEDENNA","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"Research Consolidation Project","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"Research Consolidation Project","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"Research Consolidation Project","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"Research Consolidation Project","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"Research Consolidation Project","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]},{"name":"ERDF","award":["1221219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221219"]}]},{"name":"ERDF","award":["1230795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230795"]}]},{"name":"ERDF","award":["21221075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21221075"]}]},{"name":"ERDF","award":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123753NA-C32"]}]},{"name":"ERDF","award":["CNS2022-136064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2022-136064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional techniques for incorporating active ingredients into polymeric matrices are accompanied by certain disadvantages, primarily attributable to the inherent characteristics of the active ingredient itself, including its sensitivity to temperature. A potential solution to these challenges lies in the utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for the formation of polymeric foam and the incorporation of active ingredients, in conjunction with the encapsulation of inclusion complexes (ICs), to ensure physical stability and augmented bioactivity. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of IC impregnation and subsequent foam formation on PLA films and PLA\/PBAT blends that had been previously impregnated. The study\u2019s methodology encompassed the formation and characterization of ICs with caffeic acid (CA) and \u03b2-cyclodextrin (\u03b2-CD), along with the thermal, structural, and morphological properties of the resulting materials. Higher incorporation of impregnated IC into the PLA(42)\/PBAT(58) blend was observed at 12 MPa pressure and a depressurization rate of 1 MPa\/min. The presence of IC, in addition to a lower rate of expansion, contributed to the formation of homogeneous cells with a size range of 4\u201344 um. On the other hand, the incorporation of IC caused a decrease in the crystallinity of the PLA fraction due to the interaction of the complex with the polymer. This study makes a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge on the incorporation of compounds encapsulated in \u03b2-CD by scCO2, as well as to the development of active materials with potential applications in food packaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17060803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T07:20:00Z","timestamp":1742282400000},"page":"803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integration of Complexed Caffeic Acid into Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Biopolymer Blends by Supercritical CO2-Assisted Impregnation and Foaming: Processing, Structural and Thermal Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0621-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1816-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina P.","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n, Pol\u00edmeros, Caracterizaci\u00f3n y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0530-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9656-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Bruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.001","article-title":"Microcellular to Nanocellular Polymer Foams: Progress (2004\u20132015) and Future Directions\u2014A Review","volume":"73","author":"Okolieocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2024.02.010","article-title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Secondary Packaging: Expanded Polystyrene versus Bioplastic-Coated Corrugated Cardboard","volume":"46","author":"Desole","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2024.101279","article-title":"The Future of Bioplastics in Food Packaging: An Industrial Perspective","volume":"43","author":"Ghasemlou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.07.028","article-title":"Foamy Polystyrene Trays for Fresh-Meat Packaging: Life-Cycle Inventory Data Collection and Environmental Impact Assessment","volume":"76","author":"Ingrao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0021955X11404833","article-title":"Expanded Polylactic Acid\u2014An Eco-Friendly Alternative to Polystyrene Foam","volume":"47","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Plast."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2021.101553","article-title":"Microcellular PLA\/PMMA Foam Fabricated by CO2foaming with Outstanding Shape-Memory Performance","volume":"49","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-022-05041-3","article-title":"Foam-Formed Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Products and Lignin","volume":"30","author":"Coffeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nechita, P., and N\u0103stac, S.M. (2022). Overview on Foam Forming Cellulose Materials for Cushioning Packaging Applications. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14101963"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2014.04.001","article-title":"Poly (Lactic Acid) Foaming","volume":"39","author":"Nofar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oluwabunmi, K., D\u2019Souza, N.A., Zhao, W., Choi, T.Y., and Theyson, T. (2020). Compostable, Fully Biobased Foams Using PLA and Micro Cellulose for Zero Energy Buildings. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74478-y"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edez-Pascual, A.M. (2022). Biopolymer Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042257"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2023-1439.ch001","article-title":"Introduction to Polymeric Foams","volume":"Volume 1439","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Symposium Series"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20230490","article-title":"Progress in Preparation of High-performance and Multi-functional Polymer Foams","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"63","article-title":"Polylactic Acid (PLA) Foaming: Design of Experiments for Cell Size Control","volume":"13","author":"Osman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Li, Q., Cao, H., Wu, J., Wang, F., and Wang, Y. (2025). The Crack Propagation Behaviour of CO2 Fracturing Fluid in Unconventional Low Permeability Reservoirs: Factor Analysis and Mechanism Revelation. Processes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13010159"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Li, Q., Wu, J., Li, X., Li, H., and Cheng, Y. (2024). Wellhead Stability During Development Process of Hydrate Reservoir in the Northern South China Sea: Evolution and Mechanism. Processes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13010040"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.J., Venkatesan, M., Cho, C.J., Chung, P.Y., Chandrasekar, J., Lee, C.H., Wang, H.T., Wong, C.M., and Kuo, C.C. (2022). Thermoplastic Starch with Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blends Foamed by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14101952"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faba, S., Arrieta, M.P., Romero, J., Ag\u00fcero, \u00c1., Torres, A., Mart\u00ednez, S., Ray\u00f3n, E., and Galotto, M.J. (2024). Biodegradable Nanocomposite Poly(Lactic Acid) Foams Containing Carvacrol-Based Cocrystal Prepared by Supercritical CO2 Processing for Controlled Release in Active Food Packaging. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 254.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127793"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Eco-Friendly Packaging Innovations: Integrating Natural Fibers and ZnO Nanofillers in Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Green Composites\u2014A Review","volume":"63","author":"Dejene","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym.-Plast. Technol. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FB00004K","article-title":"Biodegradable Biopolymers for Active Packaging: Demand, Development and Directions","volume":"1","author":"Westlake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.067","article-title":"Chitosan-Based Films Enriched by Caffeic Acid with Poly(Ethylene Glycol)\u2014A Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties Evaluation","volume":"192","author":"Sosik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2019.100401","article-title":"Characterization of the Physical Properties and Biological Activity of Chitosan Films Grafted with Gallic Acid and Caffeic Acid: A Comparison Study","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzi, F., Torre, L., and Puglia, D. (2020). Antioxidant Packaging Films Based on Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) and Caffeic Acid. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173953"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104603","article-title":"Caffeic Acid Oligomers from Mesona Chinensis and Their In Vitro Antiviral Activities","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2012.11.036","article-title":"Active Films from Water-Soluble Chitosan\/Cellulose Composites Incorporating Releasable Caffeic Acid for Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation in Fish Oil Emulsions","volume":"32","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2008.07.014","article-title":"Preparation and Spectral Investigation of Inclusion Complex of Caffeic Acid with Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2022.100828","article-title":"The Characteristics of the Film Assembled by Caffeic Acid-Grafted-Chitosan\/Polylactic Acid and Its Effect on the Postharvest Quality of Agaricus Bisporus","volume":"32","author":"Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kfoury, M., H\u0103d\u0103rug\u0103, N.G., H\u0103d\u0103rug\u0103, D.I., and Fourmentin, S. (2016). Cyclodextrins as Encapsulation Material for Flavors and Aroma. Encapsulations, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804307-3.00004-1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107856","article-title":"Encapsulation Strategies to Enhance the Antibacterial Properties of Essential Oils in Food System","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faba, S., Arrieta, M.P., Ag\u00fcero, \u00c1., Torres, A., Romero, J., Rojas, A., and Galotto, M.J. (2022). Processing Compostable PLA\/Organoclay Bionanocomposite Foams by Supercritical CO2 Foaming for Sustainable Food Packaging. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14204394"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112356","article-title":"Antifungal and Plasticization Effects of Carvacrol in Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate) Blend Films for Bakery Packaging","volume":"152","author":"Klinmalai","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.109298","article-title":"Antibacterial Biopolymeric Foams: Structure\u2013Property Relationship and Carvacrol Release Kinetics","volume":"121","author":"Lopresti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christaki, S., Spanidi, E., Panagiotidou, E., Athanasopoulou, S., Kyriakoudi, A., Mourtzinos, I., and Gardikis, K. (2023). Cyclodextrins for the Delivery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: Medicinal, Food and Cosmetics Applications. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091274"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135476","article-title":"Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and Computational Studies of Plectranthus Ornatus Codd Essential Oil\/\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex","volume":"1285","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10847-018-0791-3","article-title":"Characterization and Cytotoxicity of a Benzocaine Inclusion Complex","volume":"91","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110041","article-title":"Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Properties of Commercial Biodegradable Polyesters for Single-Use, Disposable Medical Devices","volume":"105","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109549","article-title":"Effect of an Organoclay on the Photochemical Transformations of a PBAT\/PLA Blend and Morpho-Chemical Features of Crosslinked Networks","volume":"187","author":"Scaffaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Shugul\u00ed, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Mercado, F., Mascayano, C., Herrera, A., Bruna, J.E., Guarda, A., and Galotto, M.J. (2022). Development of Inclusion Complexes With Relative Humidity Responsive Capacity as Novel Antifungal Agents for Active Food Packaging. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.799779"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.019","article-title":"Effect of Processing Conditions on the Physical, Chemical and Transport Properties of Polylactic Acid Films Containing Thymol Incorporated by Supercritical Impregnation","volume":"89","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mistretta, M.C., La Mantia, F.P., Titone, V., Botta, L., Pedeferri, M., and Morreale, M. (2020). Effect of Ultraviolet and Moisture Action on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Blend. J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater., 18.","DOI":"10.1177\/2280800020926653"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera, P., Torres, A., Romero, J., Alarc\u00f3n, \u00c1., Mart\u00ednez, S., Arrieta, M.P., Rodr\u00edguez-Mercado, F., and Galotto, M.J. (2024). Effect of Operational Variables on Supercritical Foaming of Caffeic Acid-Loaded Poly(Lactic Acid)\/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blends for the Development of Sustainable Materials. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16070948"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.031","article-title":"Mechanical and Bead Foaming Behavior of PLA-PBAT and PLA-PBSA Blends with Different Morphologies","volume":"90","author":"Nofar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9228","DOI":"10.1021\/jf101651y","article-title":"Immobilization of Caffeic Acid on a Polypropylene Film: Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties","volume":"58","author":"Arrua","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2016.06.062","article-title":"Kinetic and Physical-Chemical Study of the Inclusion Complex of \u03b2-Cyclodextrin Containing Carvacrol","volume":"1125","author":"Menezes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1039\/b508541a","article-title":"Balanced Basis Sets of Split Valence, Triple Zeta Valence and Quadruple Zeta Valence Quality for H to Rn: Design and Assessment of Accuracy","volume":"7","author":"Weigend","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.10.008","article-title":"Thermal Analysis of Polylactic Acid under High CO2 Pressure Applied in Supercritical Impregnation and Foaming Process Design","volume":"144","author":"Kuska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2020). Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement (Standard No. ASTM D792)."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2009.10.010","article-title":"Microcellular Extrusion Foaming of Poly(Lactide)\/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blends","volume":"30","author":"Pilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/026248931703600202","article-title":"Effects of Poly(Butyleneadipate-Co-Terephthalate) as a Macromolecular Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization and Foaming Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Polym."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3109\/02652040802586373","article-title":"Encapsulation of Complex Extracts in \u03b2-Cyclodextrin: An Application to Propolis Ethanolic Extract","volume":"26","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/10610270701317232","article-title":"Investigation on the Inclusion Behavior of Caffeic Acid with Cyclodextrin","volume":"20","author":"Chao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Supramol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2015.1094531","article-title":"Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Caffeic Acid Encapsulated by \u03b2 -Cyclodextrins","volume":"32","author":"Pinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.11.055","article-title":"Effect of Cyclodextrin and Cosolvent on the Solubility and Antioxidant Activity of Caffeic Acid","volume":"278","author":"Kfoury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.03.026","article-title":"Antifungal and Physicochemical Properties of Inclusion Complexes Based on \u03b2-Cyclodextrin and Essential Oil Derivatives","volume":"121","author":"Herrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"24","article-title":"Effect of Antioxidant Activity of Caffeic Acid with Cyclodextrins Using Ground Mixture Method","volume":"13","author":"Shiozawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-019-01347-4","article-title":"Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Inclusion Complexes of \u03b2-Cyclodextrin with Selected Food Phenolic Compounds","volume":"30","author":"Simsek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Struct. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanan, V., Alam, M., Ahmad, N., Balakrishnan, S.B., Ganesan, V., Shanmugasundaram, E., Rajagopal, B., and Thambusamy, S. (2021). Electrospun Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofibers Incorporating Caffeic Acid\/Cyclodextrins through the Supramolecular Assembly for Antibacterial Activity. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.119308"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.01.003","article-title":"Carvacrol\/\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"125","author":"Trindade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Su, J., Wang, X., Wang, X., Liu, R., Fu, X., Li, Y., Xue, J., Li, X., and Zhang, R. (2022). Preparation and Properties of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes of Hyperoside. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092761"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01887-7","article-title":"Phytophospholipid Complex of Caffeic Acid: Development, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Investigation of Antihyperlipidemic and Hepatoprotective Action in Rats","volume":"22","author":"Mangrulkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2019.1649480","article-title":"[6]-Shogaol\/\u03b2-CDs Inclusion Complex: Preparation, Characterisation, in Vivo Pharmacokinetics, and in Situ Intestinal Perfusion Study","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.10.023","article-title":"Characterization of Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Containing an Essential Oil Component","volume":"196","author":"Abarca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeren, S., Sahin, S., and Sumnu, G. (2022). Encapsulation of Caffeic Acid in Carob Bean Flour and Whey Protein-Based Nanofibers via Electrospinning. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11131860"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14023671","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of the Inclusion Complex of \u03b2-Cyclodextrin and Azomethine","volume":"14","author":"Sambasevam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, R.B., and Shim, J.-J. (2006). Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420005998"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.04.008","article-title":"Solubility of Caffeic Acid in CO2+ ethanol: Experimental and Predicted Data Using Cubic Plus Association Equation of State","volume":"138","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11850","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01570H","article-title":"Introduction of Stereocomplex Crystallites of PLA for the Solid and Microcellular Poly(Lactide)\/Poly(Butylene Adipate-: Co-Terephthalate) Blends","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2019.100338","article-title":"Supercritical Impregnation of Olive Leaf Extract to Obtain Bioactive Films Effective in Cherry Tomato Preservation","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2015.04.031","article-title":"Supercritical Impregnation and Kinetic Release of 2-Nonanone in LLDPE Films Used for Active Food Packaging","volume":"104","author":"Rojas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.02.065","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 Impregnation of PLA \/ PCL Fi Lms with Natural Substances for Bacterial Growth Control in Food Packaging","volume":"107","author":"Milovanovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.10.082","article-title":"Impregnation of Cinnamaldehyde into Cassava Starch Biocomposite Films Using Supercritical Fluid Technology for the Development of Food Active Packaging","volume":"102","author":"Dias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2022.105763","article-title":"Supercritical CO2-Assisted Impregnation\/Deposition of Polymeric Materials with Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Biomedical Applications: A Review (2015\u20132021)","volume":"191","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2015.09.006","article-title":"Effect of ScCO2 Sorption Capacity on the Total Amount of Borage Oil Loaded by ScCO2 Impregnation\/Deposition into a Polyurethane-Based Wound Dressing","volume":"115","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2019.02.028","article-title":"Spectral, Morphological and Optical Studies on Bischalcone Doped Polylactic Acid (PLA) Thin Films as Luminescent and UV Radiation Blocking Materials","volume":"90","author":"Pai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moliner, C., Finocchio, E., Arato, E., Ramis, G., and Lagazzo, A. (2020). Influence of the Degradation Medium on Water Uptake, Morphology, and Chemical Structure of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Sisal Bio-Composites. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13183974"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-014-0887-y","article-title":"Screening and Comparative Assay of Poly-Hydroxyalkanoates Produced by Bacteria Isolated from the Gavkhooni Wetland in Iran and Evaluation of Poly-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Production by Halotolerant Bacterium Oceanimonas sp. GK1","volume":"65","author":"Ramezani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.06.031","article-title":"Supercritical Impregnation of Cinnamaldehyde into Polylactic Acid as a Route to Develop Antibacterial Food Packaging Materials","volume":"99","author":"Villegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151342","DOI":"10.1002\/app.51342","article-title":"PBAT\/PLA\/Cellulose Nanocrystals Biocomposites Compatibilized with Polyethylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride (PE-g-MA)","volume":"138","author":"Nunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9291","DOI":"10.1021\/ma061890r","article-title":"Infrared Spectrum of Poly(L-Lactide): Application to Crystallinity Studies","volume":"39","author":"Meaurio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.12.009","article-title":"Effect of Supercritical CO2 and Olive Leaf Extract on the Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of an Impregnated Food Packaging Film","volume":"145","author":"Cran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200135","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202200135","article-title":"Biodegradable PBAT\/PLA\/CaCO3 Blowing Films with Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties: Investigation of Size and Content of CaCO3 Particles","volume":"307","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/app.46660","article-title":"A New Approach for Flexible PBAT\/PLA\/CaCO3 Films into Agriculture","volume":"135","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1134\/S0965545X1703018X","article-title":"Melt Processing of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Poly(Lactic Acid) and Its Compatibilizing Effect on Poly(Lactic Acid)\/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blend and Their Composite","volume":"59","author":"Teamsinsungvon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951696","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/951696","article-title":"Heat Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Poly (Lactic Acid)\/Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blends","volume":"2013","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.3768","article-title":"Microcellular Foaming of Polylactide and Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-terphathalate) Blends and Their CaCO3 Reinforced Nanocomposites Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1002\/app.31787","article-title":"Crystallization Behavior of Poly(\u03b5-Caprolactone)\/Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposites","volume":"116","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/14658011.2016.1197556","article-title":"Mechanical Characteristics and Thermal Behaviours of Polylactide Blend Films: Influence of Nucleating Agent and Poly(Butylenes Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)","volume":"45","author":"Phetwarotai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast. Rubber Compos."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.036","article-title":"Improved Thermal Stability of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composite Film via PLA\u2013\u03b2-Cyclodextrin-Inclusion Complex Systems","volume":"81","author":"Byun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/app.27861","article-title":"Study of Different Effects on Foaming Process of Biodegradable PLA\/Starch Composites in Supercritical\/Compressed Carbon Dioxide","volume":"109","author":"Hao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1515\/polyeng-2016-0088","article-title":"Structure and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)\/Poly(Lactic Acid)-\u03b1-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound Composites","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Polym. Eng."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.071","article-title":"Strong and Thermally Insulating Polylactic Acid\/Glass Fiber Composite Foam Fabricated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.106","article-title":"Supercritical CO2\u2014Assisted Production of PLA and PLGA Foams for Controlled Thymol Release","volume":"99","author":"Milovanovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2021.105463","article-title":"Effect of the Crystallization of Modified Polybutylene Terephthalate on Its Foaming Using Supercritical CO2: Transition from Microcellular to Nanocellular Foam","volume":"181","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2020.106482","article-title":"Assessing the Effect of PLA, Cellulose Microfibers and CaCO3 on the Properties of Starch-Based Foams Using a Factorial Design","volume":"86","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6248","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06777","article-title":"Flexibly Controlling the Polycrystallinity and Improving the Foaming Behavior of Polylactic Acid via Three Strategies","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115305","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aa97c3","article-title":"The Effect of Crystallinity on Cell Growth in Semi-Crystalline Microcellular Foams by Solid-State Process: Modeling and Numerical Simulation","volume":"4","author":"Rezvanpanah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/6\/803\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:55:57Z","timestamp":1760028957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/6\/803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17060803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17060803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}