{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:14:44Z","timestamp":1760058884795,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Scientific Research Institution Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project","award":["2023JXJLYFX0068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JXJLYFX0068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Port-wine stain (PWS), a progressive congenital vascular malformation characterized by ectatic dermal capillaries, demonstrates age-dependent lesion expansion and chromatic intensification, resulting in significant psychosocial comorbidity. While systemic hematoporphyrin (HP) administration remains the clinical paradigm for photodynamic therapy (PDT), its therapeutic utility is severely constrained by non-targeted biodistribution. Pharmacokinetic analyses reveal prolonged dermal retention and suboptimal lesion accumulation, predisposing 42% of patients to phototoxic reactions. To address these limitations, this work creatively suggested a local targeted drug delivery method based on soluble microneedles in response to the difficulties mentioned above. The rational design of a molecular weight (MW) HA gradient system enabled the engineering of ternary nanocomposite microneedles with enhanced biomechanical integrity (0.49 N\/needle) and superior HP loading capacity, which collectively facilitated spatiotemporally controlled transdermal delivery of hematoporphyrin with complete dissolution within 30 min. The release performance, skin permeability, and storage stability of hematoporphyrin dissolving microneedles (HP-DMNs) have all been demonstrated in vitro. This study applies soluble microneedle technology to the delivery of HP in PWS for the first time. It avoids the risk of systemic exposure through precise local administration. It uses the rapid dissolution properties of microneedles to achieve high concentration and rapid release of drugs in skin lesions. This study provides a new strategy for sustained intralesional release and rapid drug delivery treatment of PWS and provides novel ideas for the development of new formulations of HP and related photosensitizers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17091238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1746076232000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Molecular Weight Gradient Hyaluronate Dissolving Microneedles for Sustained Intralesional Delivery and Photodynamic Activation of Hematoporphyrin in Port-Wine Stain Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xueli","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nengquan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3970-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suohui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102637","article-title":"Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis Type II: A Case Report","volume":"37","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagn. 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