{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:01:01Z","timestamp":1793995261553,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFB3812801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3812801"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFB3707302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3707302"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["20240208001JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240208001JH"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["22133002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22133002"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["52293471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52293471"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["21873040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21873040"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["2023YFB3812801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3812801"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["2022YFB3707302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3707302"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["20240208001JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240208001JH"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["22133002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22133002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["52293471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52293471"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Jilin Province","award":["21873040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21873040"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFB3812801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3812801"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFB3707302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3707302"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20240208001JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240208001JH"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22133002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22133002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52293471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52293471"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21873040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21873040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Designing high-performance crosslinked polymers requires overcoming the inherent stiffness\u2013toughness trade-off through precise control of the network topology. Using epoxy resin as a model system, we establish a multiscale simulation framework to investigate curing reaction kinetics, network evolution, and structure\u2013property relationships. By employing m-phenylenediamine (mPDA) and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (DABPB) as competing short- and long-chain curing agents, we demonstrate how network architecture dictates mechanical performance. Simulations reveal that mPDA produces a dense, heterogeneous network with enhanced stiffness, whereas DABPB forms a more uniform structure with greater chain mobility, leading to improved toughness. Through stoichiometric tuning, we achieve fine control over crosslink density and mechanical properties. Furthermore, we decouple cavity formation mechanisms into pendant chain slippage and bond rupture, offering molecular-level insights for the rational design of epoxy resins with programmable mechanical behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17101297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:20:23Z","timestamp":1746778823000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tailoring Epoxy Network Architecture and Stiffness-Toughness Balance Using Competitive Short- and Long-Chain Curing Agents: A Multiscale Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renhai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanbo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hujun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122323","article-title":"A novel and green method to synthesize a epoxidized biomass eucommia gum as the nanofiller in the epoxy composite coating with excellent anticorrosive performance","volume":"379","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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