{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1787320734720,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-73-10216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-73-10216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyimides (PIs) are materials that are resistant to high temperatures and crucial for the manufacturing of films, fibers, coatings, and 3D-printed items. PIs are widely used as electrically insulating materials in electronics and electrical engineering. This study investigated how the chemical structure (i.e., choice of initial monomers), the synthesis conditions of the prepolymer (i.e., choice of amide solvent), and the conditions for forming polyimide films (i.e., final curing temperature) affect the thermophysical properties and short-term electrical strength of obtained polyimide films of different chemical structures. In this work, we varied the compositions of the dianhydrides used for synthesizing polyamic acids\u2014pyromellitic acid (PMDA), tetracarboxylic acid diphenyl oxide (ODPA) and 1,3-bis(3\u2032,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene acid (R)\u2014with a constant diamine: 4,4\u2032-oxydianiline (ODA). Additionally, we varied the amide solvents employed: N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This study represents the first investigation into how the choice of solvent in the synthesis of thermoplastic polyimide prepolymers affects their short-term electrical strength. The molecular weights of the polyamic acids were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The deformation and strength characteristics of the investigated films were also assessed. The thermophysical properties of the polyimides were evaluated via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were conducted on the examined film samples. The short-term electrical strength was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17101385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T03:51:03Z","timestamp":1747626663000},"page":"1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Synthesis Conditions and Chemical Structure of Thermoplastic Polyimides on Their Thermomechanical Properties and Short-Term Electrical Strength"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Nazarychev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5459-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, The Politekhnicheskaya St. 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2044-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almaz M.","family":"Kamalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita E.","family":"Borisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, The Politekhnicheskaya St. 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4285-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei L.","family":"Didenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4823-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena M.","family":"Ivan\u2019kova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6339-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vadim E.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0210-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gleb V.","family":"Vaganov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna S.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor K.","family":"Lavrentiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena N.","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Abalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2920-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey N.","family":"Blokhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Bugrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (ETU \u201cLETI\u201d), ul. Professora Popova 5, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-4659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav V.","family":"Kudryavtsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb\u2014Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Bolshoi, Pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, J.-H. (2018). Polyimide Proton Exchange Membranes. Advanced Polyimide Materials, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812640-0.00007-X"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Abadie, M.J.M. (2007). Practical Guide to Polyimides: Processable Aromatic Polyimides Based on Non-Traditional Raw Materials, iSmithers Rapra Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6700(91)90010-I","article-title":"Polyimides","volume":"16","author":"Sroog","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ghosh, M. (1996). Polyimides: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mittal, K.L. (1984). Polyimides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. Volume 1, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7637-2"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1988.140260307","article-title":"Polyimides\u2013thermally stable polymers, by M. I.; Bessonov, M.M.; Koton, V.V. Kudryavtsev, and L. A. Laius, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1987, 318 pp. Price: $75.00","volume":"26","author":"Irwin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.005","article-title":"Advanced polyimide materials: Syntheses, physical properties and applications","volume":"37","author":"Liaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/app.24412","article-title":"Preparation and properties of T300 carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyimide composites","volume":"102","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"15346","article-title":"Preparation of Submicrometer High-Performance Poly(ether imide) Particles for Fabricating Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52748","DOI":"10.1002\/app.52748","article-title":"High-performance crystallized composite carbon nanoparticles\/polyimide fibers","volume":"139","author":"Vaganov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yudin, V., Svetlichnyi, V., Gubanova, N., Didenko, A., Popova, E., Sukhanova, T., Grigoriev, A., Kostereva, T., Arbel, I., and Marom, G. (2005). Influence of crystallinity of R-BAPB-type polyimide matrix on thermal and mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites. Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b12194-19"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Damaceanu, M.-D., and Darie-Nita, R.N. (2024). Polyimides: Advances in Blends and Nanocomposites, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20241041","article-title":"Preparation of High Mechanical Performance Polyimides by Microbranched Cross-Linked Structures","volume":"63","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1541\/ieejfms1990.115.4_338","article-title":"Electrical and mechanical properties of thermoplastics polyimide insulated coaxial cable for use under high temperature and radioactive conditions","volume":"115","author":"Mitsui","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEJ Trans. Fundam. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s40964-024-00614-z","article-title":"High-performance thermoplastics obtained by fused filament fabrication: Effects of harsh environmental conditions of power transformers","volume":"10","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132228","article-title":"Metal-organic Framework\/Polyimide composite with enhanced breakdown strength for flexible capacitor","volume":"429","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2023.108025","article-title":"Influence of the acceptor-fillers on the dielectric properties of polyimide composites","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012001","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2368\/1\/012001","article-title":"Silica nanofillers-reinforced polyimide composites for mechanical, thermal, and electrical insulation applications and recommendations: A review","volume":"2368","author":"Ogbonna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/09540083231224158","article-title":"Preparation and dielectric properties of polyimide-based composites with Al-Nb co-doped SiO2","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"High Perform. Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4998271","article-title":"Enhanced breakdown strength of polymer composites by low filler loading and its mechanisms","volume":"111","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2025, April 14). Kapton\u00ae Polyimide Films. Available online: https:\/\/www.dupont.com\/electronics-industrial\/kapton-polyimide-film.html#headingacc0."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"McClure, D.J. (2009, January 17\u201322). Polyimide film as a vacuum coating substrate. Proceedings of the Association of Industrial Metallizers, Coaters and Laminators Fall Technical Conference and 23rd International Vacuum Web Coating Conference 2009, Amelia Island, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2022.101083","article-title":"Improved bond strength, reduced porosity and enhanced mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyetherimide composites by carbon nanotubes","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1976.170140917","article-title":"Polyimide structure\u2013property relationships. II. Polymers from isomeric diamines","volume":"14","author":"Bell","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1021\/ma302456h","article-title":"SWCNT Induced Crystallization in an Amorphous All-Aromatic Poly(ether imide)","volume":"46","author":"Hegde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"257","article-title":"Partially crystalline polyimides as binders for carbon fiber plastics","volume":"2","author":"Yudin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1134\/S0965544116110050","article-title":"The influence of uniform deformation of Ultem-1000 polyetherimide films on their mechanical and gas transport characteristics","volume":"56","author":"Chirkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Liu, Z., Tang, C., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Chi, Q. (2024). Study of the Dielectric and Corona Resistance Properties of PI Films Modified with Fluorene Moiety\/Aluminum Sec-Butoxide. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16060767"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Wang, Z., Huo, S., Lin, J., and He, S. (2022). Improved Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Polyimide by Incorporating Polydopamine-Coated Graphitic Carbon Nitride. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14030385"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1049\/hve2.12479","article-title":"A strategy for accurate prediction of dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength in polyimide","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"High Volt."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAPT.2006.875882","article-title":"Rapid curing of positive tone photosensitive polybenzoxazole based dielectric resin by variable frequency microwave processing","volume":"29","author":"Tanikella","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.557-559.704","article-title":"Morphology and dielectric property of cellular polyimide films prepared by phase inversion","volume":"557\u2013559","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2016.02.037","article-title":"Enhancement of electrical properties of polyimide films by plasma treatment","volume":"649","author":"Meddeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1177\/0954008319846237","article-title":"Thermoplastic and soluble co-polyimide resins fabricated via the incorporation of 2,3,3\u2032,4\u2032-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"High Perform. Polym."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zha, J.-W., Liu, X.-J., Tian, Y., Dang, Z.-M., and Chen, G. (2021). High-Temperature Polyimide Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage. Polyimide for Electronic and Electrical Engineering Applications, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.92260"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Inan, T.Y. (2018). High-Performance Polymer Type Capacitors. Electrochemical Capacitors: Theory, Materials and Applications, Materials Research Forum LLC."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51219","DOI":"10.1002\/app.51219","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of melt-processable polyimides derived from diaminodiphenylsulfone and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with excellent heat resistance and thermoplasticity","volume":"138","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, W., Yuan, L., Ma, Y., Cui, C., Zhang, H., Yang, S., and Sun, W.H. (2021). Resin transfer moldable fluorinated phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers with high tg: Structure\u2013melt stability relationship. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13060903"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210050","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210050","article-title":"Superior High-Temperature Energy Density in Molecular Semiconductor\/Polymer All-Organic Composites","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogbonna, V.E., Popoola, O.M., and Popoola, P.I. (2025). A review on boron nitride reinforced polyimide-based nanocomposites for high-temperature capacitive energy storage: Challenges and recommendations. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1177\/08927057251325182"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3390\/chemistry4040088","article-title":"Progress on Polymers Containing Imide Rings for Advanced Technologies: A Contribution from ICMPP of the Romanian Academy","volume":"4","author":"Damaceanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Dupont DuPontTM Kapton\u00ae, H.N. (2025, May 13). Available online: https:\/\/www.dupont.com\/content\/dam\/electronics\/amer\/us\/en\/electronics\/public\/documents\/en\/EI-10206-Kapton-HN-Data-Sheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyzyurov, S.A., Borisova, M.E., Pavlov, A.A., Kamalov, A.M., and Didenko, A.L. (2024, January 29\u201330). Absorption Properties of Polyimide Films with Various Macromolecular Rigidity. Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElCon), Saint Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ElCon61730.2024.10468232"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1134\/S0965545X16010028","article-title":"Effect of nanoparticles of various types as fillers on mechanical properties of block samples of a heat-resistant polyimide material: A comparative analysis","volume":"58","author":"Gofman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, J.M. (2018). Infrared Spectroscopy, Jenny Stanford Publishing.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351206037"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.1983.030041103","article-title":"Hydrogen bonding and phase separation in segmented polyurethane elastomers as studied by 13 C NMR magic angle spinning and FT-IR spectroscopy","volume":"4","author":"Eisenbach","year":"1983","journal-title":"Die Makromol. Chemie, Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-2275(00)00028-X","article-title":"The thermal conductivity of Kapton HN between 0.5 and 5 K","volume":"40","author":"Lawrence","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-024-04232-9","article-title":"Effect of the rigidity of polyimide matrices on the electrical conductivity of graphene-containing composites","volume":"32","author":"Kamalov","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/eej.4390970302","article-title":"Dielectric breakdown of polyimide film in high-temperature region","volume":"97","author":"Nagao","year":"1977","journal-title":"Electr. Eng. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800709","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201800709","article-title":"Sulfonyl-Containing Polyimide Dielectrics with Advanced Heat Resistance and Dielectric Properties for High-Temperature Capacitor Applications","volume":"304","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/10\/1385\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:34:43Z","timestamp":1760031283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/10\/1385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17101385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17101385","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]}}}