{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:03:33Z","timestamp":1787029413012,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)","award":["ID19I10113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID19I10113"]}]},{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)","award":["3230758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3230758"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT POSTDOCTORADO","award":["ID19I10113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID19I10113"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT POSTDOCTORADO","award":["3230758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3230758"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) significantly increase morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Among HAIs, catheter-associated infections are particularly prevalent due to the susceptibility of catheters to microbial contamination and biofilm formation, especially with prolonged use. Biofilms act as infection reservoirs, complicating treatment and often requiring catheter removal, thus extending hospital stays and increasing costs. Recent technological advances in catheter design have focused on integrating antifouling and antimicrobial coatings to mitigate or prevent biofilm formation. Methods: We developed COPESIL\u00ae, a novel silicone rubber embedded with PEGylated copper nanoparticles designed to reduce microbial contamination on catheter surfaces. We conducted in vitro assays to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of COPESIL\u00ae against pathogens commonly implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Additionally, the safety profile of the material was assessed through cytotoxicity evaluations using HepG2 cells. Results: COPESIL\u00ae demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity, reducing contamination with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by &gt;99.9% and between 93.2% and 99.8%, respectively. Biofilm formation was reduced by 5.2- to 7.9-fold for E. coli and 2.7- to 2.8-fold for K. pneumoniae compared to controls. Cytotoxicity assays suggest the material is non-toxic, with cell viability remaining above 95% after 24 h of exposure. Conclusions: The integration of PEGylated copper nanoparticles into a silicone matrix in COPESIL\u00ae represents a promising strategy to enhance the antimicrobial properties of catheters. Future studies should rigorously evaluate the long-term antimicrobial efficacy and clinical safety of COPESIL\u00ae-coated catheters, with a focus on their impact on patient outcomes and infection rates in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17101404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:10:46Z","timestamp":1747721446000},"page":"1404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial Properties of a Novel PEGylated Copper Nanoparticle-Embedded Silicone Rubber with Potential for Use in Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Ram\u00edrez","family":"Past\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo de Biolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Paz","family":"Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo de Biolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4070129, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Microbiolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto M.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Microbiolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1587-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Odontol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1181-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustino","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Villarroel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Infectolog\u00eda, Servicio de Medicina, Hospital del Salvador, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Oriente, Santiago 7500922, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Microbiolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Salud, Sede Santiago, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Santiago 8370003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","article-title":"Burden of Endemic Health-Care-Associated Infection in Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"377","author":"Allegranzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00125-18","article-title":"The Use of Copper as an Antimicrobial Agent in Health Care, Including Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"32","author":"Arendsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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