{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:01:39Z","timestamp":1792029699566,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The valorization of by-products in the olive sector has increasingly become the focus of business and research in the context of biorefineries. This work evaluates the recovery of bioactive compounds from olive leaves and their subsequent incorporation into poly(L-lactic- acid-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) filaments through supercritical impregnation. Obtaining an olive leaf extract (OLE) using enhanced solvent extraction at a high pressure (ESE with CO2\/ethanol 1:1 v\/v) resulted in higher yields and concentrations of bioactives with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. No significant differences were found between the extracts obtained with different water regimes (irrigated and dry land). The supercritical impregnation of PLCL filaments showed that a low depressurization rate is essential to avoid material deformation, while the impregnation pressure and temperature influenced the OLE loading and antioxidant activity of the filaments. In vitro release studies showed the prolonged release of active compounds over 90 days, and the kinetics best fit the Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas model, suggesting a diffusion mechanism. These results validate supercritical impregnation as a promising strategy for the development of OLE-active PLCL filaments with potential for biomedical applications requiring sustained therapeutic release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17111464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:16:22Z","timestamp":1748204182000},"page":"1464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Supercritical Impregnation of Olive Leaf Extract in Poly(L-lactic acid-co-caprolactone) Filaments: An Environmentally Friendly Approach to Obtaining Active Biomedical Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan Ram\u00f3n","family":"Montes-Lobato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1578-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia D.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9793-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cejudo-Bastante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3521-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casimiro","family":"Mantell-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Casas-Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10806-017-9651-1","article-title":"Environmental and ecological aspects in the overall assessment of bioeconomy","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Environ. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duque-Soto, C., Quirantes-Pin\u00e9, R., Borr\u00e1s-Linares, I., Segura-Carretero, A., and Lozano-S\u00e1nchez, J. (2022). Characterization and Influence of Static In Vitro Digestion on Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Polyphenols from an Olive Leaf Extract. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11050743"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4040682","article-title":"Olive Tree (Olea europeae L.) Leaves: Importance and Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds","volume":"4","author":"Abaza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Xin, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, S., Niu, E., Zhou, Z., and Liu, D. (2022). Comparative Evaluation of the Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Potentials of Olive Leaves from 32 Cultivars Grown in China. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041292"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001397","article-title":"Effects of dietary oleic-rich oils (virgin olive and high-oleic-acid sunflower) on vascular reactivity in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"86","author":"Herrera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"8","article-title":"Recovery and stability of oleuropein and other phenolic compounds during extraction and processing of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves","volume":"6","author":"Malik","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food. Agric. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126626","article-title":"Content of Phenolic Compounds and Mannitol in Olive Leaves Extracts from Six Spanish Cultivars: Extraction with the Soxhlet Method and Pressurized Liquids","volume":"320","author":"Moya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alc\u00e1ntara, C., \u017dug\u010di\u0107, T., Abdelkebir, R., Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez, J.V., Jambrak, A.R., Lorenzo, J.M., Collado, M.C., Granato, D., and Barba, F.J. (2020). Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Solvent on the Phenolic Profile, Bacterial Growth, and Anti-Inflammatory\/Antioxidant Activities of Mediterranean Olive and Fig Leaves Extracts. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071718"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139038","article-title":"Novel procedures for olive leaves extracts processing: Selective isolation of oleuropein and elenolic acid","volume":"447","author":"Fiorito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.04.046","article-title":"Pilot-plant scale extraction of phenolic compounds from mango leaves using different green techniques: Kinetic and scale up study","volume":"299","author":"Parjikolaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgos-Briones, G.A., Verano-Naranjo, L., Cejudo-Bastante, C., Due\u00f1as-Rivadeneira, A.A., Mantell-Serrano, C., and Casas-Cardoso, L. (2023). Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Prestonia mollis Leaves and Their Impregnation into Polylactic Acid Using High-Pressure Technologies: Potential for Biomedical Application. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101864"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.04.015","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective","volume":"113","author":"Ratnam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-120940","article-title":"Biomaterials: Been there, done that, and evolving into the future","volume":"21","author":"Ratner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Holban, A.N., and Grumezescu, A. (2009). Materials for Biomedical Engineering: Nanobiomaterials in Tissue Engineering, Elsevier. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690480419","article-title":"Synthesis of controlled-release products in supercritical medium","volume":"48","author":"Guney","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.12.034","article-title":"Nanomedicines accessible in the market for clinical interventions","volume":"330","author":"Gadekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S38635","article-title":"Techniques for fabrication and construction of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clifford, A., and Williams, J.R. (2000). Introduction to Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications. Supercritical Fluid. Methods and Protocols, Humana Press Inc.","DOI":"10.1385\/1592590306"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115242","article-title":"The advances of polysaccharide-based aerogels: Preparation and potential application","volume":"226","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohidr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, N.D., Cejudo-Bastante, C., Go\u00f1i, M.L., Ga\u00f1\u00e1n, N.A., Casas-Cardoso, L., and Mantell-Serrano, C. (2022). Screening of the Supercritical Impregnation of Olea europaea Leaves Extract into Filaments of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Intended for Biomedical Applications. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061170"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, N.D., Mosquera, J.E., Cejudo-Bastante, C., Go\u00f1i, M.L., Martini, R.E., Ga\u00f1\u00e1n, N.A., Mantell-Serrano, C., and Casas-Cardoso, L. (2024). Supercritical Impregnation of PETG with Olea europaea Leaf Extract: Influence of Operational Parameters on Expansion Degree, Antioxidant and Mechanical Properties. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16111567"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Casas, I., Valor, D., Elayoubi, H., Montes, A., and Pereyra, C. (2024). Morphological 3D Analysis of PLGA\/Chitosan Blend Polymer Scaffolds and Their Impregnation with Olive Pruning Residues via Supercritical CO2. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16111451"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"366","article-title":"Olive Leaf Polyphenols Loaded Mucoadhesive Oral Films","volume":"9","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eng. Sci. Des."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(94)90066-3","article-title":"Preparation of a new nerve guide from a poly(L-lactide-co-6-caprolactone)","volume":"15","author":"Perego","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliev, G., Toms, R., Melnikov, P., Gervald, A., Glushchenko, L., Sedush, N., and Chvalun, S. (2024). Synthesis of L-Lactide from Lactic Acid and Production of PLA Pellets: Full-Cycle Laboratory-Scale Technology. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16050624"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"74","article-title":"Poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) Fiber: An Overview","volume":"9","author":"Azimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eng. Fibers Fabr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cingolani, A., Casalini, T., Caimi, S., Klaue, A., Sponchioni, M., Rossi, F., and Perale, G. (2018). A Methodologic Approach for the Selection of Bio-Resorbable Polymers in the Development of Medical Devices: The Case of Poly(l-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone). Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201807.0022.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28788","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c03569","article-title":"Development of an Antimicrobial-Coated Absorbable Monofilament Suture from a Medical-Grade Poly(l-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone) Copolymer","volume":"6","author":"Sriyai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1021\/bm050086u","article-title":"Co-Electrospun Nanofiber Fabrics of Poly(l-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone) with Type I Collagen or Heparin","volume":"6","author":"Kwon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105981","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable implants with excellent inflammatory response suppression effect by hot-melt extrusion","volume":"166","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.05.034","article-title":"Supercritical impregnation of food packaging films to provide antioxidant properties","volume":"128","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2015.05.012","article-title":"Coriander seeds processing: Sequential extraction of non-polar and polar fractions using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction","volume":"95","author":"Komes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","article-title":"Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity","volume":"28","author":"Cuvelier","year":"1995","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.06.026","article-title":"Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method","volume":"112","author":"Scherer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.1021\/jf070537x","article-title":"Determination of Lipoxygenase Activity in Plant Extracts Using a Modified Ferrous Oxidation\u2212Xylenol Orange Assay","volume":"55","author":"Pinto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2025.103062","article-title":"Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-HV) impregnated with mango leaves extracts using supercritical solvent impregnation","volume":"95","author":"Montes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555991","article-title":"A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple-Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa","volume":"25","author":"Span","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare of the Council of Europe (2013). European Pharmacopoeia, Council of Europe. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talevi, A. (2022). Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin, and Brazel-Peppas: Models of Drug Release. The ADME Encyclopedia, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84860-6_35"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verano Naranjo, L., Cejudo Bastante, C., Casas Cardoso, L., Mantell Serrano, C., and Mart\u00ednez de la Ossa Fern\u00e1ndez, E.J. (2021). Supercritical Impregnation of Ketoprofen into Polylactic Acid for Biomedical Application: Analysis and Modeling of the Release Kinetic. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13121982"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90035-6","article-title":"A simple equation for description of solute release II. Fickian and anomalous release from swellable devices","volume":"5","author":"Ritger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2012.03.014","article-title":"Development of a green extraction procedure with super\/subcritical fluids to produce extracts enriched in oleuropein from olive leaves","volume":"67","author":"Xynos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113274","article-title":"Characterization and incorporation of extracts from olive leaves obtained through maceration and supercritical extraction in Canola oil: Oxidative stability evaluation","volume":"160","author":"Dauber","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138516","article-title":"Effect of olive leaf phytochemicals on the anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-cyclooxygenase-2 and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity","volume":"444","author":"Puentes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2011.573519","article-title":"Investigation of oleuropein content in olive leaf extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and soxhlet methods","volume":"46","author":"Bilgin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8446(01)00132-2","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of tocopherol concentrates from olive tree leaves","volume":"22","author":"Blanco","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyriakoudi, A., Mourtzinos, I., Ty\u015bkiewicz, K., and Milovanovic, S. (2024). An Eco-Friendly Supercritical CO2 Recovery of Value-Added Extracts from Olea europaea Leaves. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13121836"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102134","article-title":"Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2 extraction process","volume":"63","author":"Milovanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borjan, D., Leitgeb, M., Knez, \u017d., and Hrn\u010di\u010d, M.K. (2020). Microbiological and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in olive leaf extract. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245946"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.06.008","article-title":"Characterization of olive leaf extract polyphenols loaded by supercritical solvent impregnation into PET\/PP food packaging films","volume":"140","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(97)00375-5","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of phenol compounds from olive leaves","volume":"46","author":"Tena","year":"1998","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Gomar, I., Ben\u00edtez-Camacho, J., Cejudo-Bastante, C., Casas-Cardoso, L., Moreno-Luna, R., Mantell-Serrano, C., and Dur\u00e1n Ruiz, M. (2022). Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050851"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9746358","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9746358","article-title":"The Effect of Standardised Flower Extracts of Sorbus aucuparia L. on Proinflammatory Enzymes, Multiple Oxidants, and Oxidative\/Nitrative Damage of Human Plasma Components In Vitro","volume":"2019","author":"Olszewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.11.013","article-title":"Foaming of Polymers with Supercritical Fluids and Perspectives on the Current Knowledge Gaps and Challenges","volume":"134","author":"Kiran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2011.08.014","article-title":"Supercritical impregnation of intraocular lenses","volume":"60","author":"Masmoudi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.10.003","article-title":"Supercritical fluid-assisted preparation of imprinted contact lenses for drug delivery","volume":"7","author":"Martikainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2018.03.005","article-title":"Supercritical Impregnation of Antioxidant Mango Polyphenols into a Multilayer PET\/PP Food-Grade Film","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.2671","article-title":"Scenarios, prospects, and challenges related to supercritical fluid impregnation in the food industry: A scoping review (2018\u20132023)","volume":"18","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod. Bioref."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosales, J., Cejudo Bastante, C., Verano Naranjo, L., Casas Cardoso, L., Mantell Serrano, C., and Mart\u00ednez de la Ossa, E.J. (2021). Supercritical Impregnation of PLA Filaments with Mango Leaf Extract to Manufacture Functionalized Biomedical Devices by 3D Printing. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13132125"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.05.033","article-title":"Impregnation of Mango Leaf Extract into a Polyester Textile Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide","volume":"128","author":"Casas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longo, R., Raimondo, M., Vertuccio, L., Ciardulli, M.C., Sirignano, M., Mariconda, A., Della Porta, G., and Guadagno, L. (2023). Bottom-Up Strategy to Forecast the Drug Location and Release Kinetics in Antitumoral Electrospun Drug Delivery Systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021507"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altun, E., Yuca, E., Ekren, N., Kalaskar, D.M., Ficai, D., Dolete, G., Ficai, A., and Gunduz, O. (2021). Kinetic Release Studies of Antibiotic Patches for Local Transdermal Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050613"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cejudo-Bastante, C., Verano-Naranjo, L., Toro-Barrios, N., Pereyra, C., Mantell, C., and Casas, L. (2022). Structural Modification of Polymers Functionalized with Mango Leaf Extract by Supercritical Impregnation: Approaching of Further Food and Biomedical Applications. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122413"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201500130","article-title":"Design, Degradation Mechanism and Long-Term Cytotoxicity of Poly(l-lactide) and Poly(Lactide-co-\u03f5-Caprolactone) Terpolymer Film and Air-Spun Nanofiber Scaffold","volume":"15","author":"Sabbatier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47395","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c02247","article-title":"Kinetics and Optimization Studies of Controlled 5-Fluorouracil Release from Graphene Oxide Incorporated Vegetable Oil-Based Polyurethane Composite Film","volume":"9","author":"Kahraman","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/11\/1464\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:40:03Z","timestamp":1760031603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/11\/1464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17111464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17111464","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]}}}