{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:20:44Z","timestamp":1788985244168,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the impact of key printing parameters on the dimensional accuracy of 3D printing, specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using PLA, utilizing two widely adopted printers: the LulzBot TAZ Pro and the Prusa MK4. A simplified parallel-line model was used to systematically evaluate the effects of print speed, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and layer height on accuracy along the X, Y, and Z axes. The results showed that the Prusa MK4 generally provided better dimensional accuracy at lower print speeds (20\u201340 mm\/s), higher nozzle temperatures (230 \u00b0C), and smaller layer heights (0.05 mm). In contrast, the LulzBot TAZ Pro performed better at higher print speeds (40\u201360 mm\/s) and with thicker layers (0.2 mm). Scanning electron microscopy analysis further revealed distinct surface morphologies depending on the printer and parameter settings. These findings offer practical guidance for selecting suitable print settings across various application areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17121698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:08:39Z","timestamp":1750309719000},"page":"1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Accuracy in PLA-Based 3D Printing: Effects of Key Printing Parameters and Related Variables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Molazem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-I","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5125-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. Prasad","family":"Shastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butelmann, T., Gu, Y., Li, A., Tribukait-Riemenschneider, F., Hoffmann, J., Molazem, A., Jaeger, E., Pellegrini, D., Forget, A., and Shastri, V.P. (2022). 3D Printed Solutions for Spheroid Engineering and Cancer Research. Int. J. Mol. 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