{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:27:43Z","timestamp":1760059663085,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Korea","award":["FP0000-2023-01-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP0000-2023-01-2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plywood and particle boards, commonly used in construction and interior environments, are sources of indoor chemical emissions from synthetic adhesives, resins, and surface treatments. Among these, formaldehyde, classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and other compounds are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological and physiological effects of plywood and particleboard emissions in female C57BL\/6 mice. The mice were exposed to formaldehyde, phytoncides, and untreated wood samples under short- (30\u201360 days) and long-term (120\u2013180 days) conditions. Biological effects were assessed through histopathology of major organs, differential white blood cell counts, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), liver and kidney function tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine), and inflammatory cytokine profiling (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-12p70). These findings revealed no significant pathological changes or systemic toxicity following long-term exposure. Minor elevations in hepatic and renal biomarkers were observed but remained within physiological limits. Antioxidant responses and cytokine fluctuations suggested mild adaptive and immunomodulatory effects. These results highlight the importance of reducing emissions from engineered wood products to improve indoor air quality and minimize potential health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17131794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1751259637000},"page":"1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Engineered Wood (Plywood and Particle Board) on Immune and Oxidative Biomarkers: A C57BL\/6 Mouse Model Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2638-3789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People\u2019s Hospital of Fengjie County, Chongqing 404600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6423-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keon-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Wood Industry, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Deuk","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Wood Industry, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johny","family":"Bajgai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6680-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofian","family":"Abdul-Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaodeng","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Joung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Wood Industry, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bomi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Wood Industry, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00272-1","article-title":"Indoor air quality and health","volume":"33","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. 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