{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:56:12Z","timestamp":1784130972536,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The 2023 Guangdong Science and Technology Program","award":["2024A0505050013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A0505050013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acoustic tweezers, as advanced micro\/nano manipulation tools, play a pivotal role in biomedical engineering, microfluidics, and precision manufacturing. However, piezoelectric-based acoustic tweezers face performance limitations due to multi-physical coupling effects during microfabrication. This study proposes a novel approach using injection molding with embedded electronics (IMEs) technology to fabricate piezoelectric micro-ultrasonic transducers with micron-scale precision, addressing the critical issue of acoustic node displacement caused by thermal\u2013mechanical coupling in injection molding\u2014a problem that impairs wave transmission efficiency and operational stability. To optimize the IME process parameters, a hybrid multi-objective optimization framework integrating NSGA-II and MOPSO is developed, aiming to simultaneously minimize acoustic node displacement, volumetric shrinkage, and residual stress distribution. Key process variables\u2014packing pressure (80\u2013120 MPa), melt temperature (230\u2013280 \u00b0C), and packing time (15\u201330 s)\u2014are analyzed via finite element modeling (FEM) and validated through in situ tie bar elongation measurements. The results show a 27.3% reduction in node displacement amplitude and a 19.6% improvement in wave transmission uniformity compared to conventional methods. This methodology enhances acoustic tweezers\u2019 operational stability and provides a generalizable framework for multi-physics optimization in MEMS manufacturing, laying a foundation for next-generation applications in single-cell manipulation, lab-on-a-chip systems, and nanomaterial assembly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17152018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T10:28:09Z","timestamp":1753352889000},"page":"2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Objective Optimization of IME-Based Acoustic Tweezers for Mitigating Node Displacements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-6303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjui","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1675-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0222-9","article-title":"Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences","volume":"15","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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