{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:47:51Z","timestamp":1769885271346,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Directorate General of Research and Development, Directorate of Research and Community Service (DPPM), Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology","award":["077\/C3\/DT.05.00\/PL\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["077\/C3\/DT.05.00\/PL\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Directorate General of Research and Development, Directorate of Research and Community Service (DPPM), Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology","award":["0078\/UN45.3.1\/AL.04\/VI\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0078\/UN45.3.1\/AL.04\/VI\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lotus stems contain cellulose, which can be utilized as a base material for producing green products, specifically degradable plastics. This research investigates the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) blends on cellulose degradable plastics from the lotus stem (Nelumbo nucifera). The mechanical characteristics are as follows: tensile strength of 0.7703\u20133.3212 MPa, elongation of 0.58\u20131.16%, Young\u2019s modulus of 78.7894\u2013364.6118 MPa. Compound analysis showed the presence of O-H, C-C, and C=O groups, and the presence of microbial activity in the soil can also lead to the degradation of these groups due to their hydrophilic nature, which allows them to bind water. Thermal analysis within a temperature range of 413.24 \u00b0C to 519.80 \u00b0C, shows that significant weight loss begins with the formation of crystalline structures. The degradable plastic exhibiting the lowest degree of swelling consists of 1 g of cellulose and 8 g of PLA, resulting in a swelling value of 6.25%. The degradable plastic is anticipated to decompose most rapidly after 52 days, utilizing 2 g of PLA and 7 g of cellulose. This complies with standard requirement, which sets a maximum degradation period of 180 days for polymers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17172281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1756080572000},"page":"2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Blends on Cellulose Degradable Plastics from the Lotus Stem (Nelumbo nucifera)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rozanna","family":"Dewi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence Technology Natural Polymer and Recycle Plastics, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4887-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Novi","family":"Sylvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence Technology Natural Polymer and Recycle Plastics, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Subhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entrepreneurship, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Budhi Santri","family":"Kusuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Medan Area, Medan 20000, North Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldila","family":"Ananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence Technology Natural Polymer and Recycle Plastics, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, Aceh, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Medyan","family":"Riza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Januar Parlaungan","family":"Siregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7478-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Choon Kit","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Seremban 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tezara","family":"Cionita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya 47810, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2618-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsherif Emad Ahmed","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Seremban 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s41742-023-00507-z","article-title":"Plastic Waste: Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate Pollution and Effective Management","volume":"17","author":"Kibria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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