{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:42:28Z","timestamp":1783770148986,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental contamination is a critical global concern, primarily due to detrimental greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), which significantly contribute to climate change. Moreover, the presence of harmful heavy metals like Ni, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb in soil and water ecosystems has led to poor water quality. Noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs), for instance, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au, have emerged as promising solutions for addressing environmental pollution. However, the practical utilization of MNPs faces challenges as they tend to aggregate and lose stability. To overcome this issue, the reverse double-solvent method (RDSM) was utilized to synthesis melamine-based porous polyaminals (POPs) as a supportive material for the in situ growing of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The porous structure of melamine-based porous polyaminals, featuring aminal-linked (-HN-C-NH-) and triazine groups, provides excellent binding sites for capturing Ag+ ions, thereby improving the dispersion and stability of the nanoparticles. The resulting material exhibited ultrafine particle sizes for Ag NPs, and the incorporation of Ag NPs within the porous polyaminals demonstrated a high surface area (~279 m2\/g) and total pore volume (1.21 cm3\/g), encompassing micropores and mesopores. Additionally, the Ag NPs@POPs showcased significant capacity for CO2 capture (2.99 mmol\/g at 273 K and 1 bar) and effectively removed Cu (II), with a remarkable removal efficiency of 99.04%. The nitrogen-rich porous polyaminals offer promising prospects for immobilizing and encapsulating Ag nanoparticles, making them outstanding adsorbents for selectively capturing carbon dioxide and removing metal ions. Pursuing this approach holds immense potential for various environmental applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17182443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T19:16:17Z","timestamp":1757445377000},"page":"2443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harnessing Polyaminal Porous Networks for Sustainable Environmental Applications Using Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bedour","family":"Almalki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maymounah A.","family":"Alrayyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2502-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Effat A.","family":"Bahaidarah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Taimur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science, PO Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3462-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalal","family":"Alezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmah M.","family":"Alshareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3613-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazeeha S.","family":"Alkayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/ghg.1953","article-title":"Process modifications for a hot potassium carbonate-based CO2 capture system: A comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Ayittey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Greenh. Gases Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/ghg.1848","article-title":"Emission mechanism and reduction countermeasures of agricultural greenhouse gases\u2014A review","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Greenh. Gases Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allangawi, A., Alzaimoor, E.F.H., Shanaah, H.H., Mohammed, H.A., Saqer, H., El-Fattah, A.A., and Kamel, A.H. (2023). Carbon Capture Materials in Post-Combustion: Adsorption and Absorption-Based Processes. C, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/c9010017"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2023.103104","article-title":"Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities","volume":"100","author":"Donaghy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Res. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abee4e","article-title":"A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018","volume":"16","author":"Lamb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2022.100512","article-title":"Advanced techniques for the capturing and separation of CO2\u2014A review","volume":"15","author":"Odunlami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12596-5","article-title":"The role of surface chemistry on CO2 adsorption in biomass-derived porous carbons by experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"12","author":"Khosrowshahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madejski, P., Chmiel, K., Subramanian, N., and Ku\u015b, T. (2022). Methods and techniques for CO2 capture: Review of potential solutions and applications in modern energy technologies. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15030887"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115627","article-title":"Advances in carbon capture, utilization and storage","volume":"278","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01093-8","article-title":"Carbon dioxide capture using liquid absorption methods: A review","volume":"19","author":"Ochedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7107","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c01101","article-title":"SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles for conversion of terminal alkynes to propolic acids via CO2 insertion","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c00845","article-title":"Offshore geological storage of hydrogen: Is this our best option to achieve net-zero?","volume":"6","author":"Hassanpouryouzband","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12026","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/790\/1\/012026","article-title":"Water pollution Its causes and effects","volume":"790","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880246","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.880246","article-title":"Effects of water pollution on human health and disease heterogeneity: A review","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2019.213096","article-title":"Insight on water remediation application using magnetic nanomaterials and biosorbents","volume":"403","author":"Maksoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.07.045","article-title":"Industrial solid waste for heavy metals adsorption features and challenges; a review","volume":"9","author":"Soliman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123380","article-title":"Effects of heavy metal contamination on river water quality due to release of industrial effluents","volume":"277","author":"Mokarram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101504","article-title":"Heavy metal water pollution: A fresh look about hazards, novel and conventional remediation methods","volume":"22","author":"Figueroa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-00828-y","article-title":"Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous system by ion-exchange and biosorption methods","volume":"17","author":"Bashir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.111197","article-title":"A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives","volume":"290","author":"Vardhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2020.1722811","article-title":"Adsorption of heavy metal ions by various low-cost adsorbents: A review","volume":"102","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2021.111468","article-title":"Nanosilver deposited on a porphyrin-benzothiadiazole functionalized nitrogen and sulfur rich porous organic polymer for reduction of 4-nitrophenol","volume":"328","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.12.001","article-title":"Encapsulating metal nanocatalysts within porous organic hosts","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011","article-title":"Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130792","article-title":"Detection and remediation of pollutants to maintain ecosustainability employing nanotechnology: A review","volume":"280","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900100","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201900100","article-title":"Nitrogen-Rich Porous Organic Polyamines for Stabilization of Highly Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles and Catalytic Application","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21466","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR05756G","article-title":"Ultrafine and highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles confined in a triazinyl-containing porous organic polymer for catalytic applications","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121487","article-title":"Precisely controlled Pd nanoclusters confined in porous organic cages for size-dependent catalytic hydrogenation","volume":"315","author":"Kou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b01675","article-title":"Palladium nanoparticles supported by carboxylate-functionalized porous organic polymers for additive-free hydrogen generation from formic acid","volume":"5","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5231","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b13186","article-title":"Ultrafine silver nanoparticles supported on a conjugated microporous polymer as high-performance nanocatalysts for nitrophenol reduction","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128856","article-title":"Three-dimensional hydrophobic porous organic polymers confined Pd nanoclusters for phase-transfer catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes in water","volume":"415","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, S., Pires, J., Moiteiro, C., and Pinto, M.L. (2023). Evaluation of an imine-linked polymer organic framework for storage and release of H2S and NO. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16041655"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17360","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA05175F","article-title":"Porous organic polymer material supported palladium nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2023.101691","article-title":"Porous Organic Polymers with Defined Morphologies: Synthesis, Assembly, and Emerging Applications","volume":"142","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH00672G","article-title":"Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) for Environmental Remediation","volume":"10","author":"Fajal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.07.127","article-title":"Modified melamine-based porous organic polymers with imidazolium ionic liquids as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition","volume":"652","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127991","article-title":"Nanoarchitectured porous organic polymers and their environmental applications for removal of toxic metal ions","volume":"408","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1039\/C9QM00633H","article-title":"Porous organic polymers: A promising platform for efficient photocatalysis","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Shao, L., Wu, Z., Zhan, P., and Zhang, L. (2023). Design and Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers: Promising Catalysts for Lignocellulose Conversion to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Derivates. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202305.1650.v1"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1039\/D3QM00142C","article-title":"A post-synthetically modified porous organic polymer for photocatalytic water purification","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23813","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b05849","article-title":"Role of surface phenolic-OH groups in N-rich porous organic polymers for enhancing the CO2 uptake and CO2\/N2 selectivity: Experimental and computational studies","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24488","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c04378","article-title":"Micro-and ultramicroporous polyaminals for highly efficient adsorption\/separation of C1\u2013C3 hydrocarbons and CO2 in natural gas","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2021.110562","article-title":"Microwave-assisted melamine-based polyaminals and their application for metal cations adsorption","volume":"155","author":"Sandin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.04.128","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of polyaminals from melamine derivative for carbon dioxide capture studies","volume":"40","author":"Senthilkumaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.10.052","article-title":"Facile synthesis of melamine-based porous polymer networks and their application for removal of aqueous mercury ions","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.04.036","article-title":"Fabrication of ultramicroporous triphenylamine-based polyaminal networks for low-pressure carbon dioxide capture","volume":"548","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141669","article-title":"Melamine-functionalization of the carbonyl-rich polymers for iodine vapor and Hg2+ capture","volume":"460","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2022.111444","article-title":"Effect of thiophene, furan moieties and zinc ions on melamine-based porous polyaminals properties and catalytic activity on CO2 cycloaddition reaction","volume":"177","author":"Sobarzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124070","article-title":"Melamine-supported porous organic polymers for efficient CO2 capture and Hg2+ removal","volume":"387","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102179","article-title":"Green carboxylation of CO2 triggered by well-dispersed silver nanoparticles immobilized by melamine-based porous organic polymers","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b01697","article-title":"Covalently modified electrode with Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in porous organic polymer for efficient electrocatalysis","volume":"1","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201402844","article-title":"Melamine-based microporous network polymer supported palladium nanoparticles: A stable and efficient catalyst for the sonogashira coupling reaction in water","volume":"7","author":"Shunmughanathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2022.111925","article-title":"Synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing applications of an imidazole-based porous organic polymer encapsulated silver nanoparticles composite","volume":"337","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18242","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA07502F","article-title":"Highly dispersed ultrafine palladium nanoparticles encapsulated in a triazinyl functionalized porous organic polymer as a highly efficient catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC05983A","article-title":"Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: A new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.11.065","article-title":"Ultra-fine Pd nanoparticles confined in a porous organic polymer: A leaching-and-aggregation-resistant catalyst for the efficient reduction of nitroarenes by NaBH4","volume":"538","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-018-0030-8","article-title":"Encapsulating highly catalytically active metal nanoclusters inside porous organic cages","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkayal, N.S., Alotaibi, M.M., Tashkandi, N.Y., and Alrayyani, M.A. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Bipyridine-Based Polyaminal Network for CO2 Capture. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14183746"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70606-0","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into melamine polyaminal networks as antibacterial and anticancer active agents","volume":"14","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1515\/pjct-2017-0079","article-title":"Green synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles from strawberry fruit extract","volume":"19","author":"Umoren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polish J. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"34","article-title":"Characterization of micro\/mesoporous materials by physisorption: Concepts and case studies","volume":"3","author":"Sotomayor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acc. Mater. Surf. Res"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthaiah, S., Bhatia, A., and Kannan, M. (2020). Stability of Metal Complexes. Stability and Applications of Coordination Compounds, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.90894"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY00465C","article-title":"Cost-effective preparation of microporous polymers from formamide derivatives and adsorption of CO2 under dry and humid conditions","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2017.11.019","article-title":"Highlighting the relative effects of surface characteristics and porosity on CO2 capture by adsorbents templated from melamine-based polyaminals","volume":"258","author":"Rehman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11828","DOI":"10.1021\/ie501736t","article-title":"Highly enhanced selectivity and easy regeneration for the separation of CO2 over N2 on melamine-based microporous organic polymers","volume":"53","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121824","article-title":"Utilization of Ag nanoparticles anchored in covalent organic frameworks for mercury removal from acidic wastewater","volume":"389","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.5074","article-title":"Melamine-based microporous polymer for highly efficient removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution","volume":"65","author":"Taskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10104","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA00287A","article-title":"Characterization of the adsorption site energies and heterogeneous surfaces of porous materials","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b03076","article-title":"Incorporation of In2S3 nanoparticles into a metal\u2013organic framework for ultrafast removal of Hg from water","volume":"57","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129348","article-title":"Nitrile-calixarene grafted magnetic graphene oxide for removal of arsenic from aqueous media: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies","volume":"268","author":"Rezania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125188","article-title":"KCl-assisted activation of macadamia nutshell-derived carbon: Unveiling enhanced pore structure, adsorption and supercapacitor performance","volume":"329","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202210432","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210432","article-title":"Chloride Ion Adsorption Enables Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction over Silver Hollow Fiber","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202400504","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202400504","article-title":"Competing CO and HCOOH Pathways in CO2 Electroreduction","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.128238","article-title":"Advances in porous materials for efficient separation and purification of flue gas","volume":"352","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/18\/2443\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:42:41Z","timestamp":1760035361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/17\/18\/2443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["polym17182443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym17182443","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]}}}