{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:22:35Z","timestamp":1791462155344,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP25K08752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K08752"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water-resistant antifogging hard coatings possessing self-healing properties were successfully prepared by applying N,N-dimethylformamide solutions containing the mixtures of carboxy-functionalized polysilsesquioxane (PSQ-2C) with oligo(ethylene glycol)s (OEGs; n = 2\u20136 and n = 2\u20134) at the feed functional group ratios (carboxy groups in PSQ-2C\/hydroxy groups in OEG) of 10:1 and 4:1, respectively, onto oxygen plasma\u2013treated glass substrates, followed by heat drying, water immersion, and room-temperature drying. The formation of ester bonds in the resulting coatings, indicating the presence of a cross-linked structure, was confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared\/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. Notably, the coating prepared using PSQ-2C and tetraethylene glycol (OEG; n = 4) at a feed functional group ratio of 10:1 demonstrated no peeling or dissolution even after water immersion for 1 h, and its surface hardness, which was evaluated via the pencil scratch test, was 4H. Additionally, when exposed to water vapor generated from warm water at 40 \u00b0C at a distance of 2 cm, the coating maintained transparency for up to 85 s, confirming its excellent antifogging performance. Finally, the coating exhibited self-healing properties, as evidenced by the disappearance of scratches induced by a 5H pencil when the coating was left standing at 25 \u00b0C and 30% relative humidity for 5 min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17182491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T16:27:33Z","timestamp":1757953653000},"page":"2491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preparation of Self-Healing Antifogging Hard Coatings Using Carboxy-Functionalized Polysilsesquioxanes and Oligo(ethylene glycol)s"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seiya","family":"Morinaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rione","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chino","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6386-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2018.09.001","article-title":"Current trends, challenges, and perspectives of anti-fogging technology: Surface and material design, fabrication strategies, and beyond","volume":"99","author":"Laroche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. 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