{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T20:34:09Z","timestamp":1770582849806,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao","award":["2024YYXT-KFKT-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YYXT-KFKT-07"]}]},{"name":"Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) at the University of Henan Province","award":["24IRTSTHN039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24IRTSTHN039"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022TQ0098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TQ0098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024M760844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M760844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provaince","award":["242300421296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242300421296"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The success of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been confirmed in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, the development of safe and efficient mRNA vaccine delivery platforms remains challenging. In this report, PBAE-G-B-SS-modified CaO2 nanofibers and Au@OVA@Cu@Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides were employed to establish novel self-assembling polymeric micelles (CaO2@Au@OVA@Cu@DHPs) capable of serving as both an adjuvant and a delivery system for mRNA vaccines. In vitro, CaO2@Au@OVA@Cu@DHPs nanoparticles (NPs) were conducive to effective macrophage antigen uptake and efficient antigen processing. In vivo, P-CaO2@Au@OVA@Cu@DHPs NP administration was associated with a reduction in the ovalbumin (OVA) release rate that was conducive to the sustained induction of long-term immunity and to the production of higher levels of different IgG subtypes, suggesting that these effects were attributable to enhanced antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Overall, these present data highlight the promise of these P-CaO2@Au@OVA@Cu@DHPs NPs as an effective and safe platform amenable to vaccine delivery through their ability to provide robust adjuvant activity and sustained antigen release capable of eliciting long-term immunological memory while potentiating humoral and cellular immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17192636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1759229688000},"page":"2636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multifunctional Polymer-Modified P-CaO2@Au@OVA@Cu@DHPs Nanoparticles Enhance SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity via the cGAS\u2013STING Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanle","family":"Zhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3082-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7729-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01036-y","article-title":"COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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