{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:16:33Z","timestamp":1784654193227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to its multiple amino groups, triethylenetetramine (TETA) can be used as an effective formaldehyde scavenger contributing to the reduction in formaldehyde emission from plywood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of small TETA loadings on the properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and the performance of the resulting plywood. Adhesive mixtures containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% TETA were prepared and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, solids content, and gel time. The incorporation of TETA significantly increased adhesive pH and gel time, while viscosity and solid content were not significantly affected. The analysis of formaldehyde content and spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses of the cured adhesives showed reduced formaldehyde content, changes in chemical structure, and enhanced thermal stability at lower temperatures but accelerated degradation at higher temperatures. Formaldehyde emission from plywood was reduced; however, bonding quality and mechanical performance decreased with higher TETA content. Nevertheless, the wet shear strength of all variants exceeded 1 N\/mm2. Adhesive formulation containing 0.5% TETA was selected as the optimal variant, providing environmental benefits while maintaining satisfactory plywood performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17192652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:38:55Z","timestamp":1759246735000},"page":"2652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modification of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Triethylenetetramine: Effect on Adhesive Properties and Plywood Strength"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Kawalerczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0507-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Dukarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"G\u00f3ral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petar","family":"Antov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Dziurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Mirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020). 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