{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:19:45Z","timestamp":1792131585599,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have attracted significant attention in the fields of flexible electronics, human\u2013machine interaction, and electronic skin (e-skin) due to their self-adhesiveness, environmental stability, and multi-stimuli responsiveness. However, integrating these diverse functionalities into a single conductive hydrogel system remains a challenge. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were used as the dual-network matrix, lithium chloride and MXene were added, and a simple immersion strategy was adopted to synthesize a multifunctional MXene-based conductive hydrogel in a glycerol\/water (1:1) binary solvent system. A subsequent investigation was then conducted on the hydrogel. The prepared PVA\/PAM\/LiCl\/MXene hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile properties (~1700%), high electrical conductivity (1.6 S\/m), and good self-healing ability. Furthermore, it possesses multimodal sensing performance, including humidity sensitivity (sensitivity of \u22121.09\/% RH), temperature responsiveness (heating sensitivity of 2.2 and cooling sensitivity of 1.5), and fast pressure response\/recovery times (220 ms\/230 ms). In addition, the hydrogel has successfully achieved real-time monitoring of human joint movements (elbow and knee bending) and physiological signals (pulse, breathing), as well as enabled monitoring of spatial pressure distribution via a 3 \u00d7 3 sensor array. The performance and versatility of this hydrogel make it a promising candidate for next-generation flexible sensors, which can be applied in the fields of human health monitoring, electronic skin, and human\u2013machine interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17192683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:26:54Z","timestamp":1759505214000},"page":"2683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Flexible, Stretchable, and Self-Healing MXene-Based Conductive Hydrogels for Human Health Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3171-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianya","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2017.2734965","article-title":"Covering a robot fingertip with uSkin: A soft electronic skin with distributed 3-axis force sensitive elements for robot hands","volume":"3","author":"Tomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. 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